Abai, MR

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6th International Congress of DipterologySciomyzids and slugs: potential for biological control insouthern CaliforniaMc Donnell, R.J. (1 2), T.D. Paine (1) & M.J. Gormally (2)(1) Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521,U.S.A. (rory.mcdonnell@ucr.edu; tpaine@ucr.edu)(2) Applied Ecology Unit, Centre for Environmental Science, National University ofIreland, Galway, Ireland (mike.gormally@nuigalway.ie)It has been estimated that approximately 15% or US$75 billion of globalfood production is lost annually to pest organisms before it reaches theconsumer (Oerke et al., 1994). Of these, pestiferous slugs are among themost important and are the primary pests in many regions of the world(Reidenbach et al., 1989). In California, agri-production has beenestimated at US$30 billion (single most important contributory U.S state)and in surveys of horticultural and agricultural systems in southernCalifornia only slugs which are native to Europe have been found. Theseinclude Deroceras reticulatum (Müller), Deroceras panormitanum(Lessona and Pollonera), Lehmannia valentiana (d’Audebard de Férrusac),Limacus flavus (L.), Milax gagates (Draparnaud) and Arion hortensisd’Audebard de Férrusac. Details on relative abundance and pest status ofthese species are presented. Current slug control measures are eitherovertly toxic to non-target organisms (molluscicides), impractical for largeareas (copper fences) or only successful against certain slug species(nematode use). There is, hence, a real need for an alternative controlstrategy. One such option is biocontrol using flies in the FamilySciomyzidae. Eight sciomyzid species are known parasitoids and/orpredators of slugs. Tetanocera plebeia Loew, Tetanocera clara Loew andTetanocera valida Loew have a Nearctic distribution while Tetanoceraelata (Fabricius), Euthycera cribrata (Rondani), Euthycera stichospila(Czerny), Euthycera chaerophylli (Fabricius) and Limnia unguicornis(Scopoli) are native to Europe. Information on prey acceptability, preypreference, prey location mechanisms and rearing success for selectedsciomyzids are presented and the biocontrol potential of each species162
6th International Congress of Dipterologyassessed. This information will ultimately be used for the selection of aspecies for preliminary release trials in greenhouses in southern California.Key Words: Gastropoda, slugs, pests, Sciomyzidae, biological control,California∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗163
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Abai, MR

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