Abai, MR

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6th International Congress of DipterologyAvailability of the puparium as a DNA sourceSaigusa, K. (1), M. Matsumasa (1), Y. Yashima (1), M. Takamiya (2), & Y. Aoki (2)(1) Department of Biology, Iwate Medical Univiersity School of Liberal Arts andSciences, 3-16-1 Honcho-dori, Morioka, Iwate 020-0015, Japan(2) Department of Legal Medicine, Iwate Medical Univiersity School of Medicine, 19-1Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, JapanIn forensic practice, fly puparia are often found on a corpse or coverturesuch as clothing even when the body is in advanced decomposition. Theseinsect remains can provide important forensic information, if their speciescan be properly identified, based on their ecological characteristics: e.g.,seasonal dominance, period of activity/diapause, habitat, etc. However, it isoften difficult even for entomologists to accurately identify insect speciesfrom the morphology of such shells. On the other hand, a molecularbiological technique that is simple and time-saving has recently beenapplied to identify the species of insects. We attempted to extract DNAfrom the puparia of two blowfly species (Lucilia sericata and Calliphoravicina) and evaluated the availability of the puparium as a DNA source.The blowflies were reared in a laboratory and the species were identifiedby the male genitarial shape of emerging adult flies. The puparia werecollected from a rearing container and the DNA were extracted using aDNeasy Tissue Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). The 348 base pairs ofthe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of mitochondrialcytochrome oxidase gene subunit I (COI) were sequenced. The DNA wassuccessfully extracted and amplified from the puparia collected under dryrearing conditions. The mtDNA sequences of the PCR products extractedfrom the puparia were identical to those of the adults. Therefore, it wassuggested that the puparium would be useful for a DNA source. However,caution should be taken in preserving the puparia specimens, and avoidingDNA contamination by other organisms,as with other forensic DNAsamples for practical use.Key Words: puparium, mitochondrial DNA, species identification,postmortem interval, forensic entomology208
6th International Congress of DipterologyAsio-Nearctic disjunct distribution in DipteraSaigusa, T.Baikoen 2-1-7-402, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka-shi, 810-0035, Japanemail: toyohei_saigusa@yahoo.co.jp.Although Asia and North America are separated by the Bering Strait, somegroups of Diptera are distributed exclusively in both temperate Asia,particularly eastern Asia, and North America. This Asio-Nearctic disjunctdistribution was first pointed out for flowering plants by Asa Gray (1860),and the origin of this distribution is mostly explained as a relict of theArcto-Tertiary flora, which survived during the Pleistocene in glacier–freeareas in eastern Asia and North America but destroyed in Europe. Thisdistribution pattern was then detected in several groups of insects includingDiptera and other arthropods (Esaki, 1932, Linsley, 1963, etc.). In thispresentation, I list the groups of Diptera that show the Asio-Nearcticdisjunct distribution, divide it into several subtypes according to theirrange, and also to taxonomic level. In Diptera at least the following groupsshow an Asio-Nearctic disjunct distribution (In some groups limit of rangein Asia extends to N. W. Himalayas and the Altai; some have a fewexceptional representatives in Europe): Tipulidae (Cladura), Trichoceridae(Paracladura), Tanyderidae (Protoplasa), Ptychopteridae(Bittacomorphella), Axymyiidae, Cramptonomyiidae Keroplatidae(Robsonomyia, Fenderomyia), Ditomyiidae (species gp. of Symmerus),Mycetophilidae (Loicia, Aglaomyia, Acomoptera, some gps. of Boletina),Blephariceridae (Agathon, Philorus, Bibiocephala), Deuterophlebiidae,Thaumaleidae (Trichothaumalea, Androprosopa), Chironomidae(Chasmatonotus), Rhagionidae (Dialysis, Litoleptis), Xylophagidae(Glutops), Dolichopodidae (Diostracus), Empididae (Megagrapha,Euhybus, Hoplocyrtoma, Hesperempis, Trichoclinocera, Proclinopyga,Ochterohilara, subgen. Calorhamphomyia, the arakawae gp. andunbilicata gp. of Rhamphomyia ). The immature stages of most of thesegroups are either aquatic or sylvicolous, living in soil or rotten wood. Theabove list does not include any group of Brachycera (Muscomorpha). It isimportant to clarify in the future the origin of this distribution through209
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Abai, MR

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