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6 Enhancing Rural Farmer Income through Fish Production105Fig. 6.1 The distribution of reservoirs in the different administrative districts in Sri Lanka, withthe line demarcating the dry and wet zones
106 U.S. Amarasinghe and T.T.T. NguyenTable 6.1 The estimated surface area of lentic water bodies of Sri LankaType Number Area (ha) PercentMajor irrigation reservoirs a 72 70,850 41.7aMedium-scale reservoirs 160 17,001 10.0Minor irrigation reservoirs a > 12,000 39,271 23.1Floodplain lakes (natural) 4,049 2.4bHydroelectric reservoirs 7 8,097 4.7Multipurpose reservoirs impounded under the13,650 8.0Mahaweli River Basin development projectOther 17,023 10.0Total 169,941 100.0aAncientbRecentModified after Costa and De Silva (1995)CBF is gaining importance not only in reservoirs, but also in temporary waterbodies in the flood plains and ox-bow lakes (De Silva 2003) . The contribution ofCBF to the total inland fish production is on the increase throughout the tropics; atendency that is sometimes referred to as the intensification of inland fisheries(Lorenzen 1993 ; De Silva 2003) .6.2 Reservoir Resources in Sri LankaIn Sri Lanka, reservoir construction was an integral part of its over 2,500-yearoldcivilization. Many landmarks still remain, proving the sovereignty of a hydrauliccivilization of Sri Lanka, which spans through more than 2,000 years of the country’swritten history (Brohier 1934, 1937) . The hydraulic civilization in Sri Lankahas possibly evolved from an early rain-fed shifting agriculture to small-scale irrigationthat has in turn led to the establishment of major irrigation systems. The totalarea of reservoirs in the country is about 170,000 ha (Costa and De Silva 1995 ;Table 6.1 ), averaging 2.7 ha km −2 of land area, which is perhaps the highest in theworld (Fernando 1993) . The villages in Sri Lanka have traditionally developed variousmanagement practices leading to sustainable utilization of fishery resources invillage irrigation systems (Ulluwishewa 1995) . However, there were no commercial-scaleinland fisheries in ancient Sri Lanka, as there were no sizeable populationsof indigenous fish recruitment in the reservoirs of the country which couldsupport profitable fisheries. The commercial scale, artisanal inland fishery in largerperennial reservoirs is relatively a recent development during the second half of thetwentieth century that is considered to have resulted with the introduction of thecichlid, Oreochromis mossambicus, in 1952. This exotic species had significantlycontributed to the dramatic increase of inland fish production in Sri Lanka, as itaccounted for over 80% of the landings in the reservoir fisheries (Fernando andIndrasena 1969 ; De Silva 1988) .
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Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
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Sena S. De Silva ●EditorsF.Brian
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ForewordWorld aquaculture has grown
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PrefaceWe are moving into a turbule
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Prefaceix• Provide a direction fo
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Contents1 Aquaculture Successes in
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Chapter 1Aquaculture Successes in A
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1 Aquaculture Successes in Asia: Co
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Chapter 2Recent Developments in Ric
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2 Recent Developments in Rice-Fish
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Chapter 3Shrimp Farmers in India: E
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3 Shrimp Farmers in India: Empoweri
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50 N.R. Umesh et al.GoalSUSTAINABLE
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52 N.R. Umesh et al.• The optimum
Page 66 and 67: 54 N.R. Umesh et al.in five states
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Page 78 and 79: 66 N.R. Umesh et al.ReferencesFAO/N
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Page 96 and 97: Chapter 5Cage Fish Culture: An Alte
Page 98 and 99: 5 Cage Fish Culture: An Alternative
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156 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaPlate
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158 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaThe I
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160 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Guptainto
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162 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.6.2
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164 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaIn Th
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166 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Guptafarme
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168 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaBox 8
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170 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaFitzs
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Chapter 9The Role of Exotics in Chi
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9 The Role of Exotics in Chinese In
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188 S.S. De Silva et al.part of an
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190 S.S. De Silva et al.Box 10.1 A
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192 S.S. De Silva et al.other appro
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194 S.S. De Silva et al.• Effecti
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196 S.S. De Silva et al.Table 10.1
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198 S.S. De Silva et al.• Institu
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ContributorsBelen O. Acosta , BSc F
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Contributors203become more relevant
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Contributors205research on physiolo
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IndexAAcosta, B., 155Agrarian Devel
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Indexalternate rice fish farming, 2
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IndexKKanna meeting, of FOs, 112Kul
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IndexSSchizothorax spp. (Asla), 91,
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Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
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