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9 The Role of Exotics in Chinese Inland Aquaculture183China is heavily populated. Local consumption of aquaculture produce tantamountto a huge market. The red swamp crayfish was one of the earliest exotic species inChina. But aquaculture of the crayfish did not receive attention, and in fact, was eventhought as a pest species, since there is perception that it might burrow into dams.However, when the dish “chilly crayfish” came to the table, most Chinese acceptedthe dish, which brought about a large scaled production of crayfish.9.6 Risk Assessment and ControlThough exotic species in aquaculture in China bring about vast economic returnsand provide huge employment opportunities, its risk to local fish diversity andecosystem is a major concern (Ding 2007 ; Hu et al. 2006; Wang and Cao 2006 ; Buet al. 2008 ; Wang et al. 2002) .Admittedly, China has insufficient knowledge on systematic studies on exoticspecies. So far, there is no complete exotic species list, though 16 species wererecorded as invasive by the government. None of the 129 aquatic exotic speciesreported (Wang and Cao 2006) was included in these 16 invasive listed.Thus far, China has no specific laws or regulations for the management of exoticspecies, and no strict risk assessment mechanisms, comprehensive control mechanisms,and trace mechanism for exotic species.However, there are a lot of laws and regulations related to exotic species control,such as the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, theMarine Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, theAgriculture Law of the People’s Republic of China, Fisheries Law of the PeoplesRepublic of China, and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Entry andExit Animal and Plant Quarantine. For instance, the Environmental Protection Lawis related to the protection of environmental organisms, but not to exotic speciesinvasion and relevant control. In the Agriculture Law of the People’s Republic ofChina, introduction of exotic species should be examined, approved, and registered,and relevant safety measures need to be taken.9.7 Administration Institutions for Exotic SpeciesMany institutions are involved with the administration of exotic species, includingGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ofChina, the Ministry of Environment Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, and StateForestry Bureau, but there is no united administration institution for exotic species.In the current context, it may be desirable to have one single authority dealing withexotic species and their impacts, and regulation of new introductions.In spite of the relative lack of stringent procedures in regard to species introductioninto China, in a manner China has been lucky in that none of the aquatic exotics
184 J. Liu and Z. Lispecies introduced for aquaculture purpose has been invasive, and has not impactedadversely on biodiversity. Perhaps, this is mainly due to these species not been ableto establish natural reproductive populations because of the extreme climates experiencedin the regions in China into which these species have been introduced into.However, this is no reason for complacency. The fact that China has recognized allthe complexities of introductions and the need to set up the required administrativeand institutional backing is most welcome.ReferencesBu, Y., C. Xie, X. Liu, and Y. Ren. 2008. Environmental risk assessment of introduced species.Reservoir Fisheries 28: 82–84. In Chinese.Chen, P., B. Xiong, G. Lu, J. Wang, and Z. Dai. 2008. Aquaculture status and prospects of theAmerican paddlefish. Acta Agriculture Jiangxi 20: 88–89. In Chinese.CMA (Chinese Ministry of Agriculture). 2004. The criterion of channel catfish aquaculture .China Agricultural Press (in Chinese): Beijing.De Silva, S.S., R.P. Subasinghe, D.M. Bartley, and A. Lowther. 2004. Tilapias as alien aquatics inAsia and the Pacific: A review. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 453: 65 pp.De Silva, S.S., T.T.T. Nguyen, N.W. Abery, and U.S. Amarasinghe. 2006. An evaluation of the roleand impacts of alien finfish in Asian inland aquaculture. Aquaculture Research 37: 1–17.De Silva, S.S., Nguyen, Thuy T.T., Turchini G.M., Amarasinghe U.S., Abery N.W., 2009. Alienspecies in aquaculture and biodiversity: a paradox in food production. Ambio 38: 24–28.Ding, D. 2007. Healthy culture of big sized channel catfish fingerlings in cages. Inland Fisheries2: 22–23. In Chinese.FBMA (Fisheries Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture). 2007. China fishery statistical yearbook .China Agriculture Press: Beijing (in Chinese).Gozlan, R.E. 2008. Introduction of non-native freshwater finfish: Is it all bad? Fish and Fisheries9: 106–115.He, Y. 1999. Development prospects of the American paddlefish and aquaculture techniques.China Fisheries 4: 25–27. In Chinese.He, G. 2006. Control of gill erosion disease of channel catfish induced by the syndrome of liverand gall. Reservoir Fisheries 4: 92–93. In Chinese.He, G., S. Hu, C. Li, L. Zou, and G. Zhao. 2003. The criterion for cage culture of channel catfish .Hubei Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technique Surveillance (in Chinese): Wuhan.Hu, S. and J. Peng. 2008. Status and development trend of channel catfish industry in reservoirsof the Qingjiang River, Hubei. Reservoir Fisheries 28: 108–109. In Chinese.Huang, A. 2008a. Artificial propagation of the channel catfish and environment-friendly rearingof the fry and fingerlings. Scientific Fish Farming 4: 14–16. In Chinese.Huang, A. 2008b. Artificial propagation of the channel catfish and environment-friendly rearingof the fry and fingerlings. Scientific Fish Farming 5: 14–16. In Chinese.Huang, A. 2008c. Artificial propagation of the channel catfish and environment-friendly rearingof the fry and fingerlings. Scientific Fish Farming 6: 14–16. In Chinese.Li, A. 2002. Nutrition and feeds of aquatic organisms . China Agricultural Press: Beijing (inChinese).Li, X., A. Li, X. Peng, and G. Cheng. 2007. Introduction and stock resources protection of tilapiain China. Henan Fisheries 1: 3–6. In Chinese.Liu, J. and Z. Yu. 1990. The American paddlefish and its fisheries in the U. S. A. ActaHydrobiologia 14(1): 75–83. In Chinese.Luo, H., H. Lu, and H. Wang. 2008. Healthy production of channel catfish in reservoir cages.Inland Fisheries 4: 45–46. In Chinese.
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Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
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Sena S. De Silva ●EditorsF.Brian
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ForewordWorld aquaculture has grown
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PrefaceWe are moving into a turbule
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Prefaceix• Provide a direction fo
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Contents1 Aquaculture Successes in
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Chapter 1Aquaculture Successes in A
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1 Aquaculture Successes in Asia: Co
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Chapter 2Recent Developments in Ric
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2 Recent Developments in Rice-Fish
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Chapter 3Shrimp Farmers in India: E
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3 Shrimp Farmers in India: Empoweri
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50 N.R. Umesh et al.GoalSUSTAINABLE
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52 N.R. Umesh et al.• The optimum
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54 N.R. Umesh et al.in five states
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56 N.R. Umesh et al.3.5.2.4 Facilit
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58 N.R. Umesh et al.3.7 Opportuniti
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60 N.R. Umesh et al.with similar ou
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62 N.R. Umesh et al.• Knowledge a
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64 N.R. Umesh et al.helping small f
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66 N.R. Umesh et al.ReferencesFAO/N
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74 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davylack of
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80 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davy• Deva
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82 H. Kongkeo and F.B. DavyTable 4.
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Chapter 5Cage Fish Culture: An Alte
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5 Cage Fish Culture: An Alternative
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Chapter 6Enhancing Rural Farmer Inc
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6 Enhancing Rural Farmer Income thr
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Page 214 and 215: IndexAAcosta, B., 155Agrarian Devel
Page 216 and 217: Indexalternate rice fish farming, 2
Page 218 and 219: IndexKKanna meeting, of FOs, 112Kul
Page 220 and 221: IndexSSchizothorax spp. (Asla), 91,
Page 222: Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
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