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162 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.6.2 Follow-Up Program on GIFTWith the increase in the availability of the GIFT strain and other new improved fishbreeds, developing countries are now faced with the challenge of ensuring thatgenetic gains from the breeding programs are sustained and further enhanced. In thisconnection, WorldFish Center and its partners have been providing greater focus ondeveloping a strategy that will ensure long-term effectiveness of the breeding programsin the member countries and in developing national strategies, guidelines forthe effective dissemination, and maintenance of the improved strains.The draft of country-specific action plans for genetic improvement of the selectedspecies and dissemination of the improved strains have now been developed (Ponzoniet al. 2006 ; WorldFish Center 2006) . The plans when implemented are expected tostrengthen the ongoing genetic improvement and dissemination programs of themember countries, and develop additional programs for new species.At present, the breeding objective for GIFT fish is broadened by considering anumber of additional important traits, such as filet yield, flesh quality, sex ratio inresponse to thermal treatment, and may include disease resistance in the future(Nguyen and Ponzoni 2006) .8.7 Development of Program to Ensure Maximum Benefitsfrom GIFTThe GIFT project is a good example of how multidisciplinary and interactiveresearch initiatives with successful partnerships could progress into a global programfor genetic improvement of tropical finfish. Figure 8.1 illustrates the stages ofglobalization of methods and outputs from the project.Research efforts of WorldFish Center and its partners from Philippines andNorway led to the development of two major outputs of genetics research – GIFTstrain and the method for genetic enhancement of tropical finfish. Through variousprograms, GIFT research outputs are now being disseminated widely and arealready showing positive impacts in terms of improving fish productivity and economicbenefits to the developing countries.8.7.1 Impacts of GIFT Technology8.7.1.1 Application of GIFT Technology in Carps and Other Species in AsiaIn view of the potential benefits of selective breeding, the GIFT technology hasbeen applied for genetic improvement of various carp species in six Asian countries,viz., silver barb ( Barbodes gonionotus ) in Bangladesh and Thailand, rohu
8 The Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapias Project: Impact and Lessons Learned163( Labeo rohita ) in India and Bangladesh, common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) andmrigal ( Cirrhinus mrigala ) in Vietnam, and blunt snout bream ( Megalobramaamblycephala ) in China (Fig. 8.3 ).In Bangladesh, encouraging results were obtained from genetic improvement ofsilver barb, B. gonionotus through several generations of selection (up to the fourthgeneration). The selected strain was found to be 28% superior to nonselected existingstrain, indicating that the development of “super strain” of silver barb is possible(Hussain et al. 2002) .In China, the selection experiments initiated with blunt snout bream ( M. amblycephala )indicated that the fifth generation of selected strain increased 30% relative to thecontrol group. The results demonstrate that positive selection is a powerful tool toimprove the economic traits of blunt snout bream. Hence, in 2000, the sixth generationof selected bream was certified by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture as agood breed for aquaculture (Li 2002) .Success was reported on selective breeding of rohu ( Labeo rohita ) in India. Theimproved rohu (Jayanti strain) was developed from a base population composed of fivewild riverine stocks and one farm stock. This strain which is considered as the firstgenetically improved fish of India has already been distributed to several local hatcheryowners to provide better quality seed to fish farmers (Das Mahapatra et al. 2006) .Fig. 8.3 National breeding programs in the member countries of INGA with focus on carps andtilapias
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Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
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Sena S. De Silva ●EditorsF.Brian
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ForewordWorld aquaculture has grown
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PrefaceWe are moving into a turbule
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Prefaceix• Provide a direction fo
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Contents1 Aquaculture Successes in
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Chapter 1Aquaculture Successes in A
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1 Aquaculture Successes in Asia: Co
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Chapter 2Recent Developments in Ric
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2 Recent Developments in Rice-Fish
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Chapter 3Shrimp Farmers in India: E
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3 Shrimp Farmers in India: Empoweri
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50 N.R. Umesh et al.GoalSUSTAINABLE
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52 N.R. Umesh et al.• The optimum
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54 N.R. Umesh et al.in five states
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56 N.R. Umesh et al.3.5.2.4 Facilit
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58 N.R. Umesh et al.3.7 Opportuniti
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60 N.R. Umesh et al.with similar ou
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62 N.R. Umesh et al.• Knowledge a
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64 N.R. Umesh et al.helping small f
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66 N.R. Umesh et al.ReferencesFAO/N
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68 H. Kongkeo and F.B. DavyPlate 4.
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70 H. Kongkeo and F.B. DavyTable 4.
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72 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davytrate th
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74 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davylack of
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76 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davyby incre
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78 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davysoil ana
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80 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davy• Deva
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82 H. Kongkeo and F.B. DavyTable 4.
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Chapter 5Cage Fish Culture: An Alte
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5 Cage Fish Culture: An Alternative
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Chapter 6Enhancing Rural Farmer Inc
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6 Enhancing Rural Farmer Income thr
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Page 208 and 209: ContributorsBelen O. Acosta , BSc F
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Page 214 and 215: IndexAAcosta, B., 155Agrarian Devel
Page 216 and 217: Indexalternate rice fish farming, 2
Page 218 and 219: IndexKKanna meeting, of FOs, 112Kul
Page 220 and 221: IndexSSchizothorax spp. (Asla), 91,
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Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
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