Success Stories In Asian Aquaculture - Library - Network of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

42 N.R. Umesh et al.The organization of small scale shrimp farmers in India has (a) empoweredsmall-scale farmers, (b) increased stakeholder interaction and involvement withinthe clusters, and (c) is an ideal model for small scale farmers to meet marketrequirements, a model accepted by many Asian countries and being increasinglyadopted. The model is of a self propagating nature, and most of all, has contributedto the sustainability of shrimp farming in India, and indeed, in the region. Needlessto say, this example drawn from India best exemplifies how small scale shrimpfarmers could remain economically viable and are able to comply to the increasingdemands of sophisticated markets, and most of all, achieve sustainability .AbbreviationsCAAMPEDANACANaCSANATURLANDSIPPOCoastal Aquaculture AuthorityThe Marine Products Export Development AuthorityNetwork of Aquaculture Centres in Asia PacificNational Centre for Sustainable AquacultureAssociation for Organic Agriculture was founded in 1982 withits headquarters in Graefelfing, near Munich, GermanySwiss Import Promotion Programme3.1 Introduction1The Network of Aquaculture of Centers in Asia Pacific (NACA), in collaborationwith the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Governmentof India, conceived and implemented a project for “Shrimp disease control and1Definitions used in this presentation are as follows:● Better management practices (BMP): Management practices aimed at improving the quantity,safety, and quality of products taking into consideration animal health and welfare, food safety,and environmental and socio-economic sustainability. BMPs are management practices, andimplementation is generally voluntary; they are not a standard for certification. The term “better”is preferred rather than “best” because aquaculture practices are dynamic and continuouslyimproving (today’s “best” is tomorrow’s “norm”).● Cluster : Cluster is a group of farmers whose shrimp ponds are situated in a specified geographicallocality; commonly all ponds are dependent on the same water source.● Aquaclub : Aquaclub is a term used in India to describe an informal group of farmers cooperatingwith each other on various aspects of management in the cluster.● Society : Society is a term used in India to describe a formal (legal) registered group of (20–75)aqua farmers in a farming locality. Societies are setup according to a model established by theIndian government, and they are legally registered by the Ministry of Revenue and subject toannual audits by government officials to verify accounts and ensure a democratic and transparentmanagement.
3 Shrimp Farmers in India: Empowering Small-Scale Farmers43coastal management” to address disease and environmental problems in the shrimpindustry in India, and ensure that small shrimp farmers of India meet high standardsfor biosecurity, food safety, and environmental protection. The project aimed toaddress capacity building in shrimp health and quality management at the grassrootslevel by organizing small scale farmers into aquaculture clusters.The shrimp industry is a key sector in India’s economy because of its significantcontributions to export earnings and gainful employment. Given its vast naturalwater resources, India has tremendous potential to excel in aquaculture. But in reality,the country’s shrimp exports had stagnated since the late 90s. Problems begana few years earlier with the outbreak of white spot disease (WSS). Later on, thejudgment by the highest court of India on shrimp aquaculture also impacted itsadvancement. In response, to address the rising concerns about the sustainabilityof the sector, in the year 2000, the MPEDA with the technical assistance of NACAinitiated the aforementioned project. The project started in 2001 with a large-scaleepidemiological study aimed at identifying the risk factors for key shrimp diseasesand developing and disseminating better management practices (BMPs) to minimizefarm-level risk factors for disease outbreaks and address more broadly shrimp farmingsustainability.The project has since been institutionalized to organize small shrimp farmersand build capacity at grassroots level in India, and provides a strong basis for futureprogress, as well as an example for other countries in addressing some of the specialproblems and concerns facing small scale aquaculture farmers.3.2 The Shrimp Industry in IndiaThe development of more commercial hatcheries, coupled with credit facilitiesfrom commercial banks and technical and financial assistance programs fromMPEDA, led to a phenomenal increase in the area under shrimp farming between1990 and 1994. The tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon indigenous to the region, wasthe main species cultured. In the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, a largenumber of commercial integrated shrimp farming units with foreign collaborationalso emerged adopting “scientific” culture systems with facilities for production ofshrimp seed, shrimp feed, and processing. But this trend did not continue for longas the large scale corporate shrimp farms failed to make profits, and consequently,shrimp farming became more or less a small farmer activity. Presently, coastalaquaculture in India is synonymous with shrimp aquaculture and mainly carried outby small scale farmers. Shrimp farming in India involves three categories of farmers/entrepreneurs,i.e., small and medium farmers, middle-level entrepreneurs, andbig entrepreneurs. The farming of shrimp is largely dependent on small holdings ofless than 2 ha; these farms account for 90% of the total area utilized for shrimpculture, 7% of farms are between 2 and 5 ha and the remainder has an area ofgreater than 5 ha (Jayaraman 1998 ; MPEDA 2008) . The small scale farmers wereunorganized and most of the farmers did not have access to technological innovations
Page 1 and 2:
Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
Page 3 and 4: Sena S. De Silva ●EditorsF.Brian
Page 5 and 6: ForewordWorld aquaculture has grown
Page 7 and 8: PrefaceWe are moving into a turbule
Page 9 and 10: Prefaceix• Provide a direction fo
Page 11 and 12: Contents1 Aquaculture Successes in
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1Aquaculture Successes in A
Page 15 and 16: 1 Aquaculture Successes in Asia: Co
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2Recent Developments in Ric
Page 29 and 30: 2 Recent Developments in Rice-Fish
Page 53: Chapter 3Shrimp Farmers in India: E
Page 57 and 58: 3 Shrimp Farmers in India: Empoweri
Page 59: 3 Shrimp Farmers in India: Empoweri
Page 62 and 63: 50 N.R. Umesh et al.GoalSUSTAINABLE
Page 64 and 65: 52 N.R. Umesh et al.• The optimum
Page 66 and 67: 54 N.R. Umesh et al.in five states
Page 68 and 69: 56 N.R. Umesh et al.3.5.2.4 Facilit
Page 70 and 71: 58 N.R. Umesh et al.3.7 Opportuniti
Page 72 and 73: 60 N.R. Umesh et al.with similar ou
Page 74 and 75: 62 N.R. Umesh et al.• Knowledge a
Page 76 and 77: 64 N.R. Umesh et al.helping small f
Page 78 and 79: 66 N.R. Umesh et al.ReferencesFAO/N
Page 80 and 81: 68 H. Kongkeo and F.B. DavyPlate 4.
Page 82 and 83: 70 H. Kongkeo and F.B. DavyTable 4.
Page 84 and 85: 72 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davytrate th
Page 86 and 87: 74 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davylack of
Page 88 and 89: 76 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davyby incre
Page 90 and 91: 78 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davysoil ana
Page 92 and 93: 80 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davy• Deva
Page 94 and 95: 82 H. Kongkeo and F.B. DavyTable 4.
Page 96 and 97: Chapter 5Cage Fish Culture: An Alte
Page 98 and 99: 5 Cage Fish Culture: An Alternative
Page 104 and 105:
5 Cage Fish Culture: An Alternative
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Chapter 6Enhancing Rural Farmer Inc
Page 116 and 117:
6 Enhancing Rural Farmer Income thr
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Chapter 7Striped Catfish Aquacultur
Page 144 and 145:
7 Striped Catfish Aquaculture in Vi
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
150 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.1 I
Page 162 and 163:
152 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.2 W
Page 164 and 165:
154 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaCente
Page 166 and 167:
156 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaPlate
Page 168 and 169:
158 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaThe I
Page 170 and 171:
160 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Guptainto
Page 172 and 173:
162 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.6.2
Page 174 and 175:
164 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaIn Th
Page 176 and 177:
166 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Guptafarme
Page 178 and 179:
168 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaBox 8
Page 180 and 181:
170 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaFitzs
Page 182 and 183:
Chapter 9The Role of Exotics in Chi
Page 184 and 185:
9 The Role of Exotics in Chinese In
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
188 S.S. De Silva et al.part of an
Page 198 and 199:
190 S.S. De Silva et al.Box 10.1 A
Page 200 and 201:
192 S.S. De Silva et al.other appro
Page 202 and 203:
194 S.S. De Silva et al.• Effecti
Page 204 and 205:
196 S.S. De Silva et al.Table 10.1
Page 206 and 207:
198 S.S. De Silva et al.• Institu
Page 208 and 209:
ContributorsBelen O. Acosta , BSc F
Page 210 and 211:
Contributors203become more relevant
Page 212 and 213:
Contributors205research on physiolo
Page 214 and 215:
IndexAAcosta, B., 155Agrarian Devel
Page 216 and 217:
Indexalternate rice fish farming, 2
Page 218 and 219:
IndexKKanna meeting, of FOs, 112Kul
Page 220 and 221:
IndexSSchizothorax spp. (Asla), 91,
Page 222:
Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
show all

Success Stories In Asian Aquaculture - Library - Network of ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?