Success Stories In Asian Aquaculture - Library - Network of ...

80 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davy• Devaluation of the Thai currency (Baht) in 1997, which caused significantly priceincreases in imported artemia, artificial plankton, chemicals and drugs, oil, etc.• Government ban on P. monodon farming in inland areas in 1990, which madefarmers switch to P. vannamei culture• Strict application of EU regulations on zero tolerance for antibiotic residues in2001• Taura syndrome outbreak in P. vannamei beginning in 2004• Tsunami disaster which damaged many hatcheries and broodstock centers in thesouth in late 2004• Limited distribution of SPF nauplii from major commercial SPF broodstockcenters to backyard hatcheries in 2007• Traceability and certification requirements by importing countries in 2007• Global economic downturn caused by US economy and increase in oil price in20084.7 Switching of Crustacean Species and Sustainable FarmingP. vannamei is not native to Asia (Fig. 4.5 ) and was first introduced to Taiwan inearly 1990s to replace the problematic species, P. monodon. It was later transferredto China, Thailand, and Indonesia in early 2000s. Asia accounts for 85% of P. vannameiglobal production in comparison to its native countries in Eastern Pacific(15%). Though it has been introduced for culture on the Atlantic side of Central andSouth America, Tahiti, Hawaii, and Taiwan nearly 20 years back, it is not significantlyobserved in the wild. This may be due to its poor mating habit, which is themajor problem in hatchery production.Fig. 4.5 Geographic distribution of native shrimp species, P. monodon and P. vannamei (Holthuis1980 )