Success Stories In Asian Aquaculture - Library - Network of ...

4 Backyard Hatcheries and Small Scale Shrimp and Prawn Farming in Thailand81In principle, for culture of any crop, farmers should have alternate species fortheir sustainable production, livelihoods, and profits. They should have a widerrange of species for selection when the existing species encounters problems suchas market, diseases, environment, etc.Increases in P. vannamei production in Asia are mainly due to:• Shifting from problematic species, P. monodon in Southeast Asia and Taiwan aswell as P. chinensis in China• Its ability to be domesticated and use as SPF broodstock compared to P. monodon ;• Less virulent diseases• Tolerance to wider ranges of salinity and temperature• Better survival in poor pond bottom condition according to its schooling habit• Simple hatchery and grow-out technologies• Lower production costs, particularly seed, feed, water exchange, and aerationIn fact, reduction in the use of wild P. monodon broodstock may improve its healthand enable a rebuilding of the wild population for future aquaculture use.During its development in Asia, the industry had to solve the problems of pricedrops in international markets mainly due to oversupply. Thus, both Chinese andThai industries launched heavy promotion for domestic consumption and intraregionaltrade. As a result, domestic consumption in China and Thailand reached90% and 30%, respectively, in 2005. They also reduced the cost of production byusing lower protein diet, higher stocking density, less water exchange, etc.New diseases such as Taura syndrome, Infectious Hypodermal and HematopoieticNecrosis (IHHN) were also introduced to the region. Thai farmers learned from the morevirulent white spot and yellow head diseases of P. monodon how to solve the problemsfrom these new diseases. For instance, SPF PLs from locally adapted broodstock arecommonly used by farmers. Closed system small ponds (