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52 N.R. Umesh et al.• The optimum stocking density for each cluster is decided and abided by farmers/members.• Seed purchase is through contract hatcheries 45 days prior to stocking.• All the cluster farmers stock at the same time (within 2 weeks period).• Agreement by all society farmers for not using any antibiotics and no/reducedchemical use.Each of the farmer societies has one coordinator selected among its members orfrom the community by society farmers with a prescribed minimum educationlevel. The society coordinator is trained in society management, BMPs, and extensiontechniques by NaCSA. The coordinator will be responsible for implementingBMPs in societies, and act as link between society farmers and NaCSA. Each of theNaCSA field managers will coordinate and manage the activities of ten such societies.MPEDA’s society scheme provides partial financial assistance for farmers toemploy a society coordinator for the first 2 years. The working mechanisms ofNaCSA are schematically represented in Fig. 3.4 .To facilitate farmer involvement, ensure commitment, and inculcate confidence,the previous MPEDA-NACA and NaCSA field staff stay closer to farmer societiesfor the entire cropping season. Key farmers from other villages where MPEDA/NACA, NaCSA had worked previously are invited to new villages to share theirexperiences. Wherever possible, field visits are arranged for farmers to other villagesfor first hand information exchange among farmers. A contract hatchery seedprocurement system is followed in registered societies. Farmers’ field days areorganized at the end of successful crop cycles in societies to spread the message ofsuccess to more farmers.CEOProjectCoordinator(Technical)RegionalCoordinator(Management)StateCoordinatorStateCoordinatorStateCoordinatorStateCoordinatorSocietyCoordinatorsFieldManagerFieldManagerFieldManagerFieldManagerFieldManagerFieldManagerFieldManagerFieldManagerSocietiesFig. 3.4 NaCSA farmer society management plan
3 Shrimp Farmers in India: Empowering Small-Scale Farmers533.5.1.3 Capacity BuildingNaCSA has taken up an extensive awareness program through village level meetings,which are key in educating farmers about market requirements and promotingthe benefits of implementing BMPs through organized societies. During 2007–2008, a total of 251 village level meetings involving more than 5,000 farmers wereconducted. The concept of BMPs and its implementation through society formationand the market requirement are explained in detail to all the farmers in a given area.Small farmers who do not have any other alternative other than shrimp farming arethe ones who are keen to adopt BMPs through organized societies. In the process,we are seeing an emergence of farmer leaders in each society who are willing towork for the benefit of the group, many of them are voluntarily sparing their timeand resources. In a village, there will be some aquaculture producers who are societymembers, while others are not members and prefer to keep conventional productionand marketing practices. However, this trend is changing with the societiesachieving better crop successes with reduced production costs, and having anopportunity to market their produce at better prices. All these have induced more andmore farmers from a village to join either an existing society or form a new one.There are 30 well-trained technical staff with NaCSA, besides 42 society coordinatorstrained by NaCSA. Professional Fisheries Graduates are also being trainedin societies in various aspects of aquaculture, social, and environmental issues.NaCSA is planning to expand the same in future involving all the fisheries collegesin India.3.5.2 Contributing to Sustainability of Shrimp FarmingFor the aquaclubs/societies to be successful, they have to be economically andenvironmentally sustainable besides being socially responsible.3.5.2.1 Economic SustainabilityEconomic sustainability in aquaclubs/societies is achieved through• Reduced disease risks• Reduced cost of production and increased profits• Improved service provisions3.5.2.2 Reduced Disease RisksThe project has made significant progress, increasing from five farmers whoadopted the cluster farm approach in 2002 to 730 farmers (813 ha) in 28 aquaclubs
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Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
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Sena S. De Silva ●EditorsF.Brian
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ForewordWorld aquaculture has grown
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PrefaceWe are moving into a turbule
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Prefaceix• Provide a direction fo
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Contents1 Aquaculture Successes in
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1Aquaculture Successes in A
Page 15 and 16: 1 Aquaculture Successes in Asia: Co
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2Recent Developments in Ric
Page 29 and 30: 2 Recent Developments in Rice-Fish
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3Shrimp Farmers in India: E
Page 55 and 56: 3 Shrimp Farmers in India: Empoweri
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Page 62 and 63: 50 N.R. Umesh et al.GoalSUSTAINABLE
Page 66 and 67: 54 N.R. Umesh et al.in five states
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Page 78 and 79: 66 N.R. Umesh et al.ReferencesFAO/N
Page 80 and 81: 68 H. Kongkeo and F.B. DavyPlate 4.
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Page 98 and 99: 5 Cage Fish Culture: An Alternative
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Chapter 6Enhancing Rural Farmer Inc
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6 Enhancing Rural Farmer Income thr
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Chapter 7Striped Catfish Aquacultur
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7 Striped Catfish Aquaculture in Vi
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150 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.1 I
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152 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.2 W
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154 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaCente
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156 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaPlate
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158 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaThe I
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160 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Guptainto
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162 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.6.2
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164 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaIn Th
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166 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Guptafarme
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168 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaBox 8
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170 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaFitzs
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Chapter 9The Role of Exotics in Chi
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9 The Role of Exotics in Chinese In
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188 S.S. De Silva et al.part of an
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190 S.S. De Silva et al.Box 10.1 A
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192 S.S. De Silva et al.other appro
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194 S.S. De Silva et al.• Effecti
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196 S.S. De Silva et al.Table 10.1
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198 S.S. De Silva et al.• Institu
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ContributorsBelen O. Acosta , BSc F
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Contributors203become more relevant
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Contributors205research on physiolo
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IndexAAcosta, B., 155Agrarian Devel
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Indexalternate rice fish farming, 2
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IndexKKanna meeting, of FOs, 112Kul
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IndexSSchizothorax spp. (Asla), 91,
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Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
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