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60 N.R. Umesh et al.with similar outcomes of reduced disease risks and improved productivity in traditionalshrimp farms compared to farmers not adopting better practices.3.9 Increased Stakeholder Interactions and InvolvementThe message from this project is guided by the importance of government supportand collaboration of various institutions and partners to translate Principles intoPractice. By coming up with the project ideas and committing resources to theirimplementation, the government of India provided opportunities for other local,national, regional, and international institutions, organizations, and agencies to takepart in these projects. In India, MPEDA, State Department of Fisheries, ICAR andits relevant institutions particularly the Central Institute of Brackish waterAquaculture (CIBA), All India Shrimp Hatchery Association, Farmers’ Associations,Seafood Exporters Association of India, academic institutions like the College ofFisheries, Mangalore, ACIAR, and FAO all had various roles to play.Farmers being the primary producers, there is a need to link them to all otherstakeholders in the industry both backwards and forward. Farmers are being linkedto hatcheries, input suppliers, processors, scientists, Research Institutes, Governmentinstitutes, banks, and others. Bank loans for working capital, which are not availablenow for most of the small scale farmers, are likely to be made available oncethe societies are linked up with the market. The operational links are depicted schematicallyin Fig. 3.7 . MPEDA is extending financial assistance in the form of thesociety scheme to kick-start the formation of the clubs and implement the BMPs.There is better flow of valuable information from field to research institutes. DuringGovt.InputsuppliersBanksResearchInst.Farmer SocietyNGOsExportersRetailers/MarketCorporateCo.Fig. 3.7 NaCSA model of linking societies to all the key stakeholders
3 Shrimp Farmers in India: Empowering Small-Scale Farmers61any new disease outbreak, it is easier to coordinate the quick flow of informationand samples from field to research institutes, and report back the outcome of thediagnosis and necessary precautionary measures to farmers. Seeing the efficientimplementation of the program, corporate companies are showing interest to adoptsocieties for further infrastructure development. Retailers from developed countriesare showing keen interest in buying society produce, which are now becomingincreasingly well-known for implementing sustainable farming practices in asocially responsible manner.NaCSA is working toward developing societies as a potential business modelthrough public-private partnership where all the concerned stakeholders help thesocieties to sustain for mutual benefit. The success of the approach largely dependson getting market recognition for the traceable, good quality, BMP shrimp producedresponsibly and ethically without harming the environment. With the help ofall the stakeholders, NaCSA is working towards this goal, thereby making societyformation an attractive proposition that can motivate the rest of the farmers toorganize themselves into societies. Smallholder farmers will benefit much fromincreased institutional coordination, capacity, and support in assisting them in managingtheir societies. They will also benefit from more widespread application ofproven technological, social, economic, and governance innovations to reverselosses and improve livelihoods.3.10 Self Propagating Nature of the ModelIndeed, today we are seeing the emergence of numerous farmer societies throughoutIndia because of the farmers’ confidence in participatory group farming and theconcept becoming mainstreamed. Cluster organization is progressing very well,which is mainly due to the belief among the farming community that if they haveto succeed as shrimp farmers, they have to organize themselves. The reasons forthis confidence in group farming according to a farmer are, “ we are strong as agroup, we can address issues affecting us, but alone we cannot progress especiallyin shrimp farming. ” Grassroots action in India demonstrates that group activities ofthe farmers can improve their well-being in many ways that individual approachescannot. Farmer organization as groups is generating improvements for the individualproducers in the following areas:• Enhancing their incomes, self-respect, and bargaining power in markets.Clusters offer economies of scale, buying inputs and improve market powerwhen dealing with suppliers and selling product.• Clusters improve information exchange and sharing of experience amongparticipants.• Farming skills and technical knowledge.• Ability to articulate demands and interact with markets and market forces, otherpolitical, and social actors.• Access to financial services and ability to manage funds.
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Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
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Sena S. De Silva ●EditorsF.Brian
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ForewordWorld aquaculture has grown
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PrefaceWe are moving into a turbule
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Prefaceix• Provide a direction fo
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Contents1 Aquaculture Successes in
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Chapter 1Aquaculture Successes in A
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1 Aquaculture Successes in Asia: Co
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Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2Recent Developments in Ric
Page 29 and 30: 2 Recent Developments in Rice-Fish
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Page 62 and 63: 50 N.R. Umesh et al.GoalSUSTAINABLE
Page 64 and 65: 52 N.R. Umesh et al.• The optimum
Page 66 and 67: 54 N.R. Umesh et al.in five states
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Page 78 and 79: 66 N.R. Umesh et al.ReferencesFAO/N
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Page 96 and 97: Chapter 5Cage Fish Culture: An Alte
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6 Enhancing Rural Farmer Income thr
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Chapter 7Striped Catfish Aquacultur
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7 Striped Catfish Aquaculture in Vi
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150 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.1 I
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152 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.2 W
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154 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaCente
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156 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaPlate
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158 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaThe I
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160 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Guptainto
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162 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.6.2
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164 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaIn Th
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166 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Guptafarme
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168 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaBox 8
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170 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaFitzs
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Chapter 9The Role of Exotics in Chi
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9 The Role of Exotics in Chinese In
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188 S.S. De Silva et al.part of an
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190 S.S. De Silva et al.Box 10.1 A
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192 S.S. De Silva et al.other appro
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194 S.S. De Silva et al.• Effecti
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196 S.S. De Silva et al.Table 10.1
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198 S.S. De Silva et al.• Institu
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ContributorsBelen O. Acosta , BSc F
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Contributors203become more relevant
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Contributors205research on physiolo
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IndexAAcosta, B., 155Agrarian Devel
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Indexalternate rice fish farming, 2
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IndexKKanna meeting, of FOs, 112Kul
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IndexSSchizothorax spp. (Asla), 91,
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Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
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