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2 Recent Developments in Rice-Fish Culture in China27Plate 2.1 Swamp eel-rice culture in Jingjiang city, China (Miao 2002)Fish fingerlings of large size (8–15 cm body length) are usually stocked a weekafter transplanted rice seedling turns green. The total stocking density is usually3,000–12,000 fingerlings/ha depending on supplementary feeding. Omnivorousspecies (common carp, crucian carp, and tilapia, for example) usually account for60–80% of the total stocking, while herbivorous species (grass carp and blunt snoutbream) account for 20–40% of the total stocking. Without supplementary feeding,450–750 kg/ha of fish can be produced, and supplementary feeding is required forhigher yields. Commonly used feeds include grass for herbivorous fish and fine ricebran, wheat, soybean cake, and rapeseed cake for both herbivorous and omnivorousspecies. Fish fingerlings are usually disinfected with saline water or bleachingpowder solution before stocking. Liming is also commonly practiced during thepreparation of the rice field at the rate of 450 kg/ha.2.6.4 Rice–Crustacean Farming PracticesCrustaceans have been introduced to rice–fish farming just about a decade ago dueto the relative short history of inland crustacean culture in China. Currently, importantcrustacean species involved in rice–fish culture include freshwater prawn ( M.nipponense and M. rosenbergii ), Chinese mitten handed crab ( E. sinensis ), redswamp crawfish ( P. clarkii ), and white-leg prawn ( P. vannamei ). Despite the shorthistory, rice-crustacean culture has gradually become a mainstream practice in