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8 S.S. De Silva and F.B. DavyOthers10%Near East12%CEE6%SS Africa2%N.America13%W.Europe40%LAC28%Asia90%LAC- Latin America & the CaribbeanCEE- Central & Eastern EuropeSS- Sub Saharan AfricaFig. 1.4 Aquaculture production (2005) in relation to the geographic areas (from De Silva andSoto, 2009 )2005 Production (67,230,325 t)BW4%Marine5%Crustaceans7%Seaweed21%Mollusc23%Finfish49%FW91%Fig. 1.5 The proportion of the major aquaculture commodities (based on 2005 production, FAOStats 2007 ; from De Silva and Soto, 2009)The rural dominance of aquaculture, particularly in Asia, has been emphasized indetail earlier and by many. In this regard, aquaculture in some regions is the backboneof rural economies, and provides many millions of livelihood opportunities(Edwards et al. 2002) .Needless to say that in the last decade or so, many rural aquaculture farmingpractices have changed, the changes being primarily in response to market demands,
1 Aquaculture Successes in Asia: Contributing to Sustained Development9traditional and new. Notable examples in this context are the tra catfish ( Pangasianodonhypophthalmus ) and rohu ( Labeo rohita ) farming sectors of the Mekong, Vietnamand Ayeyarwaddy, Myanmar deltas, respectively. These have remained rural intensiveand have flourished to cater to export niche markets, and gone on to generatethousands of additional livelihood opportunities, particularly for women, in theassociated processing sectors (Aye et al. 2007) . Inevitably such developments havealso highlighted on the difficulties of defining small scale aquaculture, as explicitlyas one could. For example, a shrimp farming practice in 1 ha could result in anoptimal annual yield of approximately 8–10 tons, as opposed to a catfish farmingpractice in the Mekong delta that could yield 400–600 tons.1.6.3 Growth Phases in AquacultureAs pointed out earlier, the aquaculture sector has grown fast, averaging almost 7–8percent annually, over the last two decades, significantly higher than any otherprimary production sector (De Silva 2001) . It will be naïve to expect that an almostexponential rate of growth could be maintained indefinitely, and evidence is comingforth in that globally the relative rate of growth of the sector, expressed as a percentageof the global aquaculture production during the defined period, is declining(Fig. 1.6 ; also see De Silva and Hasan 2007) . In Fig. 1.6 , the rate of growth ofhuman population is superimposed, and some degree of similarity in the trends isapparent. Indeed, if the trends in absolute increase in aquaculture production andgrowth in human numbers are considered, the trends appear to be somewhat comparable(Fig. 1.7 ). Ideally, it would be of further interest to consider the changes inthe growth rate of human populations of countries in which fish eating habit ispredominant with the corresponding changes in aquaculture growth.Average Yearly Percent Growth14131211109876AquacultureHuman80-85 86-90 91-95 96-99 00-061.901.801.701.601.501.401.301.201.101.00Average Yearly Percent GrowthFig. 1.6 Trends in aquaculture production, based on percent average change in production peryear in each of the 5-year periods, 1985–2005 together with that of human population growth
Page 1 and 2: Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
Page 3 and 4: Sena S. De Silva ●EditorsF.Brian
Page 5 and 6: ForewordWorld aquaculture has grown
Page 7 and 8: PrefaceWe are moving into a turbule
Page 9 and 10: Prefaceix• Provide a direction fo
Page 11 and 12: Contents1 Aquaculture Successes in
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1Aquaculture Successes in A
Page 15 and 16: 1 Aquaculture Successes in Asia: Co
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Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2Recent Developments in Ric
Page 29 and 30: 2 Recent Developments in Rice-Fish
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3Shrimp Farmers in India: E
Page 55 and 56: 3 Shrimp Farmers in India: Empoweri
Page 57 and 58: 3 Shrimp Farmers in India: Empoweri
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Page 62 and 63: 50 N.R. Umesh et al.GoalSUSTAINABLE
Page 64 and 65: 52 N.R. Umesh et al.• The optimum
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58 N.R. Umesh et al.3.7 Opportuniti
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60 N.R. Umesh et al.with similar ou
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62 N.R. Umesh et al.• Knowledge a
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64 N.R. Umesh et al.helping small f
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66 N.R. Umesh et al.ReferencesFAO/N
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68 H. Kongkeo and F.B. DavyPlate 4.
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70 H. Kongkeo and F.B. DavyTable 4.
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72 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davytrate th
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74 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davylack of
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76 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davyby incre
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80 H. Kongkeo and F.B. Davy• Deva
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82 H. Kongkeo and F.B. DavyTable 4.
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Chapter 5Cage Fish Culture: An Alte
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5 Cage Fish Culture: An Alternative
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Chapter 6Enhancing Rural Farmer Inc
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6 Enhancing Rural Farmer Income thr
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Chapter 7Striped Catfish Aquacultur
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150 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.1 I
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152 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.2 W
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154 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaCente
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156 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaPlate
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158 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaThe I
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162 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Gupta8.6.2
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164 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaIn Th
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166 B.O. Acosta and M.V. Guptafarme
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168 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaBox 8
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170 B.O. Acosta and M.V. GuptaFitzs
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Chapter 9The Role of Exotics in Chi
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9 The Role of Exotics in Chinese In
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188 S.S. De Silva et al.part of an
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190 S.S. De Silva et al.Box 10.1 A
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192 S.S. De Silva et al.other appro
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194 S.S. De Silva et al.• Effecti
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196 S.S. De Silva et al.Table 10.1
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198 S.S. De Silva et al.• Institu
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ContributorsBelen O. Acosta , BSc F
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Contributors203become more relevant
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Contributors205research on physiolo
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IndexAAcosta, B., 155Agrarian Devel
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Indexalternate rice fish farming, 2
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IndexKKanna meeting, of FOs, 112Kul
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IndexSSchizothorax spp. (Asla), 91,
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Sena S. De SilvaF. Brian DavyEditor
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