Maximilianus Hell (1720-1792) - Munin

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Lambert, Johann Heinrich 1775: “Essai d’une théorie du Satellite de Vénus”, Nouveaux Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres (Berlin) Année MDCCLXXIII., pp. 222- 250. Akad.Berlin 1782: Joh. Heinrich Lamberts […] deutscher gelehrter Briefwechsel, herausgegeben von Joh. Bernoulli […], Zweyter Band. Berlin: bey dem Herausgeber / Dessau: in der Buchhandlung der Gelehrten. xliv+513 pp. Google Books Lexell, Anders Johan (Andreas Iohannes) 1770: “Determinatio accuratior verae Parallaxis Solis et reliquorum elementorum”, in Anonymous (ed.), pp. 533-574. Les rendez-vous de Vénus CD 1771a: “Uträkning, öfver Solens Parallaxis, i anledning af Observationer, som blifvit gjorde öfver Veneris gång genom Solen, År 1769.”, Handl.Stockh. vol. 33, pp. 220-234. CVH 1771b: “Uträkning Öfver Solens Parallax, i anledning af de uppå King Georg Eyland gjorde Observationer öfver Veneris gång genom Solen, år 1769”, Handl.Stockh. vol. 33, pp. 301-310. CVH 1772: Disqvisitio de investiganda vera qvantitate Parallaxeos Solis, ex Transitu Veneris ante discum Solis Anno 1769. cui accedunt animadversiones in tractatum Rev. Pat. <strong>Hell</strong> de Parallaxi Solis, Petropolis: Typis Academiae Imperialis Scientiarum. 131 pp. KUB Nord Luca, Ignaz de 1776: Das gelehrte Österreich. Ein Versuch, Des ersten Bandes erstes Stück, Vienna: von Ghelen. 373 pp. Google Books Maire, Christophorus & Rogerius Josephus Boscovich 1755: De Litteraria Expeditione per Pontificiam Ditionem ad dimetiendos duos meridiani gradus et corrigendam mappam geographicam jussu, et auspiciis Benedicti XIV. Pont. Max. suscepta a Patribus Societ. Jesu Christophoro Maire et Rogerio Josepho Boscovich., Rome: In Typographio Palladis. xxi+516 pp. Google Books 1770: Voyage Astronomique et Géographique, dans l’Etat de l’Eglise, entrepris par l’ordre et sous les auspices du Pape Benoit XIV, Pour mesurer deux dégrés du méridien, & corriger la Carte de l’Etat ecclésiastique, Par les PP. Maire & Boscovich de la Compagnie de Jesus, Traduit du Latin, Augmenté de Notes & d’extraits de nouvelles mesures de dégrés faites en Italie, en Allemagne, en Hongrie & en Amérique. Avec une nouvelle Carte des Etats du Pape levée géométriquement., Paris: Chez N. M. Tilliard. xvi+526 pp. Google Books Mallet, Fredric 1769: “Berättelse Om det som kunnat observeras uti Pello, vid Veneris gång förbi Solen, den 3 och 4 Junii 1769”, Handl.Stockh. vol. 31, pp. 218-223. CVH Martin, Benjamin 1761: Venus in the Sun: being an Explanation of the Rationale of that great Phænomenon; of the Several Methods used by Astronomers for Computing the Quantity and Phases thereof; And of the Manner of applying a Transit of Venus over the Solar Disk, For the Discovery of the Parallax of the Sun, settling the Theory of that Planet’s Motion, and Ascertaining the Dimensions of the Solar System, London: W. Owen. xi + 48 pp. Mus.Hist.Sc., Oxf. - 454 -
Maskelyne, Nevil 1762: “An Account of the Observations made on the Transit of Venus, June 6, 1761, in the Island of St. Helena: In a Letter to […] George Earl of Macclesfield, President of the Royal Society, from the Rev. Nevil Maskelyne […]. Read Nov. 5, 1761” Phil.Tr. Vol II. Part I. For the Year 1761., pp.196-201. JSTOR 1768: Instructions Relative to the Observation of the Ensuing Transit of Venus over the Sun’s Disk, on the 3rd of June 1769, London: Printed by W. Richardson and S. Clark. 48 pp. Mus.Hist.Sc., Oxf. Mayer, Andreas 1762: Observationes Veneris Gryphiswaldenses qvibus adiecta est M. Lamb. Henr. Röhlii [...] Observationis suae de Transitu Veneris per Solem Expositio, Gryphiswaldae: Imprimebat A. F. Röse. 26+[ii]+12 pp. Stockh. UB Mayer, Christianus 1769a: “Expositio utriusque observationis et Veneris et Eclipsis Solaris factae Petropoli in Specula Astronomica”, Nov.Comm. pro Anno MDCCLXVIII., vol. XIII., pp. 541-560. BIBSYS 1769b: Ad Augustissimam Russiarum omnium Catharinam II. Alexiewnam Imperatricem Expositio de transitu Veneris ante discum Solis d. 23 Maii, 1769, iussu illustrissimi et excellentissimi Domini D. Comitis Wolodimeri ab Orlow, illustr. Academiae Scientiarum Directoris suscepta, ubi Agitur de fine huius obseruationis, 1) cognoscendi veram parallaxin horizontalem solis, 2) determinandi veram distantiam solis a tellure, 3) ceterorumque planetarum et cometarum ordinem et distantiam, 4) deque commodis inde natis pro Geographia, Re nautica, Physica, etc., adductis vbique obseruationibus, earumque calculis ac methodis, ipsaque parallaxi hinc deducta, Petropoli: Typis Academiae Scientiarum. 354 pp. UBO Melander, Daniel 1769: “Uttydning på de Phænomener, hvilka åtfölja Planeten Veneris Passage genom Solen”, Handl.Stockh. vol 31, pp. 161-173. CVH Nordische Miscellaneen, Riga. EZB Nordske Jntelligenz-Sedler, Christiania. http://www.nb.no/avis/intelligenssedler/ Pilgram, Anton 1788: Untersuchungen über das Wahrscheinliche der Wetterkunde. Durch Vieljährige Beobachtungen, Vienna: bey Joseph Edlen von Kurzbeck. [ix]+608 pp. Digitised by the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Pingré, Alexandre Guy 1763: “Observations Astronomiques pour la détermination de la parallaxe du soleil, Faites en l’Isle Rodrigue”, HARS Année M.DCCLXI., Mem., pp. 413-486. Gallica 1767: Mémoire sur le choix et l’état des lieux Où le passage de Vénus du 3. Juin 1769 pourra être observé avec le plus d’avantage; et principalement sur la position géographique des isles de la mer du Sud […] Lu à l’Académie des Sciences, le 23 Décembre 1766 & en Janvier & Février 1767 […], Paris: Chez P. G. Cavelier. 91 pp. Les rendez-vous de Vénus CD 1768: “Nouvelle Recherche Sur la détermination de la Parallaxe du Soleil par le Passage de Vénus du 6 Juin 1761.”, HARS Année M.DCCLXV., Mem., pp. 1-34. Gallica 1769: “Recherches sur la longitude de plusieurs villes, Accompagnées de quelques Réflexions sur les nouvelles déterminations de la parallaxe horizontale du Soleil”, HARS Année M.DCCLXIX., Mem., pp. 17-69. Gallica - 455 -
Page 3:
Maximilianus Hell (1720-1792) and t
Page 6 and 7:
PART II The Eighteenth-Century Tran
Page 8 and 9:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study of the
Page 11 and 12:
Part I INTRODUCTION AND BIOGRAPHICA
Page 13 and 14:
themes with concluding remarks at t
Page 15 and 16:
to take the modern borders as their
Page 17 and 18:
A final ambition of this study is m
Page 19 and 20:
Society of Jesus; 3) He was freed f
Page 21 and 22:
much more cursory, at times even do
Page 23 and 24:
called ‘German Assistancy’, tha
Page 25 and 26:
Kremsmünster Observatory, Father A
Page 27 and 28:
deliver adjustments of the current
Page 29 and 30:
Sven Widmalm investigates the histo
Page 31 and 32:
Lomonosov and Rumovskii. 33 A more
Page 33 and 34:
his entire printed œuvre in additi
Page 35 and 36:
this challenge Pinzger tried to mee
Page 37 and 38:
More recent, source-based contribut
Page 39 and 40:
Pieces for the puzzle of an overall
Page 41 and 42:
comparative perspective is a means
Page 43 and 44:
McClellan maintains that the widesp
Page 45 and 46:
discoveries, the Protestant movemen
Page 47 and 48:
under the name Novi Commentarii) un
Page 49 and 50:
works or not are equally problemati
Page 51 and 52:
The fate of the manuscripts of Maxi
Page 53 and 54:
Saint Petersburg, Anders Planman in
Page 55 and 56:
I.2 MAXIMILIANUS HELL SJ (1720-1792
Page 57 and 58:
stations in his life, information f
Page 59 and 60:
Hell’s journal Ephemerides Astron
Page 61 and 62:
freemasonry, religious toleration a
Page 63 and 64:
family, and adds that he was nation
Page 65 and 66:
Jesuits professors were teaching an
Page 67 and 68:
activity until the suppression of t
Page 69 and 70:
onibus et problematibus aucta (‘J
Page 71 and 72:
Jesuit University in Tyrnavia. 48 T
Page 73 and 74:
- 63 -
Page 75 and 76:
etween 1579 and 1606 was re-opened.
Page 77 and 78:
from 1780). As for timing, in Janua
Page 79 and 80:
the university building. In a lette
Page 81 and 82:
This task, to make “daily observa
Page 83 and 84:
If Hell edited the official calenda
Page 85 and 86:
You spent more of Your time on obse
Page 87 and 88:
demonstrate how the Roman-Catholic
Page 89 and 90:
Even though electromagnetism in the
Page 91 and 92:
international arena. A new importan
Page 93 and 94:
- 83 -
Page 95 and 96:
Franz appears to have devoted most
Page 97 and 98:
Apart from Halloy, who was born in
Page 99 and 100:
attach numerous other observations
Page 101 and 102:
The examples of Josephus Mayr and N
Page 103 and 104:
Collegii Academici Societatis Jesu
Page 105 and 106:
In terms of publicising, there seem
Page 107 and 108:
the Kingdom of Hungary until the la
Page 109 and 110:
Hatvani responds a few weeks later
Page 111 and 112:
not flourish in Austria. On the con
Page 113 and 114:
textbooks in architecture in Latin
Page 115 and 116:
to Hell’s role in this context, w
Page 117 and 118:
The Nordic context of Hell’s invi
Page 119 and 120:
long time because of astronomical o
Page 121 and 122:
Hamburg. From Hamburg, they again c
Page 123 and 124:
“my observations, which I have ei
Page 125 and 126:
Pole” must designate something el
Page 127 and 128:
observatory in Tyrnavia the year af
Page 129 and 130:
his mentor with having been so “t
Page 131 and 132:
esponsible for church services in t
Page 133 and 134:
civilisation. In this situation, He
Page 135 and 136:
FIG. 1a - 125 -
Page 137 and 138:
FIG.1b - 127 -
Page 139 and 140:
FIG. 1d FIG. 1c - 129 -
Page 141 and 142:
FIG 2a FIG. 2b - 131 -
Page 143 and 144:
edited during these years. What cam
Page 145 and 146:
Society of Sciences in the same yea
Page 147 and 148:
in keeping with the pro-Hungarian
Page 149 and 150:
In Hell’s letters written during
Page 151 and 152:
eason as her Prussian counterpart,
Page 153 and 154:
was in any case insufficient to fin
Page 155 and 156:
Hviid visited Vienna from 27 Octobe
Page 157 and 158:
in no small measure thanks to the c
Page 159 and 160:
Catholic cities and provinces, at t
Page 161 and 162:
Numerous letters from Hell to the b
Page 163 and 164:
In preceding sections, it has been
Page 165 and 166:
estore the studies at the universit
Page 167 and 168:
When in 1775 a collection of essays
Page 169 and 170:
assistants and all the sailors of t
Page 171 and 172:
Maskelyne, upon repeated requests f
Page 173 and 174:
around the mid-eighteenth century.
Page 175 and 176:
Despite radical changes in the inst
Page 177 and 178:
The catalogue of “Jesuiten-Mathem
Page 179 and 180:
At the dawn of the 1770s, the Jesui
Page 181 and 182:
well as Hell’s adjunctus. In Nove
Page 183 and 184:
died in Quinque Ecclesiae. 387 Afte
Page 185 and 186:
However limited evidence we have on
Page 187 and 188:
The above-mentioned damages that ha
Page 189 and 190:
when certain Slovak writers classif
Page 191 and 192:
Ephemerides Astronomicae in all cou
Page 193 and 194:
Part II THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY TRAN
Page 195 and 196:
year. For over a hundred years, his
Page 197 and 198:
mechanics presented later in the sa
Page 199 and 200:
A transit may last for several hour
Page 201 and 202:
FIGURE 4 THE SHIFT OF VENUS‟ PATH
Page 203 and 204:
FIGURE 6 DELISLE‟S METHOD Delisle
Page 205 and 206:
the difference in latitude and long
Page 207 and 208:
equired. In theory, the difference
Page 209 and 210:
A few years after Halley wrote his
Page 211 and 212:
Lalande 1764), 36 9.26″ (Audiffre
Page 213 and 214:
where the senior astronomer Delisle
Page 215 and 216:
Prior to the 1761 transit, Father H
Page 217 and 218:
II.1.4 FATHER HELL ON LESSONS TO BE
Page 219 and 220:
Veneris). The author of this rather
Page 221 and 222:
ecognised as an able observer and c
Page 223 and 224:
This means that the actual number o
Page 225 and 226:
As to the number of individual obse
Page 227 and 228:
TABLE 1 HELL 1761a COMPARED TO WOOL
Page 229 and 230:
II.2 THE NORDIC REGIONS AND THE TRA
Page 231 and 232:
foremost, the history of activities
Page 233 and 234:
analyse the degree of success or fa
Page 235 and 236:
same meridian. For this occasion, W
Page 237 and 238:
than one place in this region. 22 T
Page 239 and 240:
All three observers in Siberia - Ch
Page 241 and 242:
prove insufficient to cover all the
Page 243 and 244:
(1739-1781), covered the eastern an
Page 245 and 246:
proposal of Lomonosov. The chief ar
Page 247 and 248:
II.2.3 THE ROLE OF DENMARK IN THE V
Page 249 and 250:
astronomer among its members and it
Page 251 and 252:
Thus, Kratzenstein expected the Ara
Page 253 and 254:
himself, along with Rødkier, Ahl,
Page 255 and 256:
data published. Hammer‟s manuscri
Page 257 and 258:
provide data of the utmost utility
Page 259 and 260:
Norwegian garrison had been station
Page 261 and 262:
way to Copenhagen. Even before he m
Page 263 and 264:
newspaper article. It is stated, ho
Page 265 and 266:
his destination with the necessary
Page 267 and 268:
men, black slaves among them. 134 B
Page 269 and 270:
eady on a hilltop nearby. The weath
Page 271 and 272:
Kratzenstein has travelled to Trond
Page 273 and 274:
enlarged 150 times. The first conta
Page 275 and 276:
Arguably, these concluding lines ar
Page 277 and 278:
The success was short-lived, howeve
Page 279 and 280:
II.2.5 ASSESSMENT OF VENUS TRANSIT
Page 281 and 282:
emained at a very high level in bot
Page 283 and 284:
path of Venus, in order to mount a
Page 285 and 286:
a number of inaccuracies in his sum
Page 287 and 288:
TABLE 4a OFFICIAL SWEDISH REPORTS O
Page 289 and 290:
II.3 THE ROLE OF FATHER HELL IN THE
Page 291 and 292:
another edition to hand are advised
Page 293 and 294:
In the year 1767, nothing was furth
Page 295 and 296:
Neither claim is entirely correct.
Page 297 and 298:
effectively withdraws the invitatio
Page 299 and 300:
Lalande became one of the Venus-tra
Page 301 and 302:
singled out in several recent works
Page 303 and 304:
As explained in Section II.1.2 abov
Page 305 and 306:
in the ordinary method, stars of no
Page 307 and 308:
1769, Hell speaks of a latitude of
Page 309 and 310:
Incidentally, Hell’s final conclu
Page 311 and 312:
The interior contact of egress is d
Page 313 and 314:
TABLE 5 THE CONTENTS OF THE VARIOUS
Page 315 and 316:
o’clock, as these operations came
Page 317 and 318:
the Supreme Being. I for my part wi
Page 319 and 320:
the official observatory of that ac
Page 321 and 322:
eputation, they had another thing i
Page 323 and 324:
Although the observations of Sajnov
Page 325 and 326:
The review is astonishingly positiv
Page 327 and 328:
moments, as well as the excellent m
Page 329 and 330:
epeated calculations as the various
Page 331 and 332:
the Parallax of the Sun Deduced Fro
Page 333 and 334:
the frequent letters he sent to War
Page 335 and 336:
calculations by Monsieur Lexell and
Page 337 and 338:
The strife ended there, with parall
Page 339 and 340:
TABLE 7 CHRONOLOGY OF PARALLAX CALC
Page 341 and 342:
II.3.5 THE NACHLEBEN OF HELL’S VA
Page 343 and 344:
Upon inspection of the ‘astronomi
Page 345 and 346:
of detecting errors in Littrow’s
Page 347 and 348:
trump card in his hand, for observa
Page 349 and 350:
The next question, concerning the b
Page 351 and 352:
Royale des Sciences (post-revolutio
Page 353 and 354:
Part III EDITIONS OF PRIMARY SOURCE
Page 355 and 356:
apparatus or appendix). Often, as i
Page 357 and 358:
discussions. 3 The main ambition of
Page 359 and 360:
ased on a sort of craving for rules
Page 361 and 362:
etc.; and a if necessary a guide to
Page 363 and 364:
I have designated the texts thus: L
Page 365 and 366:
connoisseurs, which I am going to p
Page 367 and 368:
III.1.3 THE EDITING OF THE UNFINISH
Page 369 and 370:
e listed exhaustively in the appara
Page 371 and 372:
III.2 THE CALL FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS TO
Page 373 and 374:
SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION BY THE NORTH
Page 375 and 376:
The price cannot yet be established
Page 377 and 378:
OVERVIEW OF THE WHOLE WORK 1 entitl
Page 379 and 380:
Chapter IV. The activities in Copen
Page 381 and 382:
Chapter VII. On the transportation
Page 383 and 384:
VOLUME TWO. PHYSICAL. Volume two, p
Page 385 and 386:
PART THREE OF VOLUME TWO. On the ca
Page 387 and 388:
PART FIVE OF VOLUME TWO. Remarks on
Page 389 and 390:
VOLUME THREE. MATHEMATICAL AND ASTR
Page 391 and 392:
PART THREE OF VOLUME THREE. Observa
Page 393 and 394:
III.3 THE UNFINISHED INTRODUCTION T
Page 395 and 396:
Part One A diary of the entire Scie
Page 397 and 398:
Accordingly, the minds of astronome
Page 399 and 400:
extremes in the duration — in oth
Page 401 and 402:
For he 1 had been made to understan
Page 403 and 404:
famous Mister Lexell, a[nother] son
Page 405 and 406:
aware that the sites of observation
Page 407 and 408:
1769 (a.). However, among the highl
Page 409 and 410:
the transit would be located in the
Page 411 and 412:
Dixon were chosen for this mission
Page 413 and 414: and astronomers recounted so far, d
Page 415 and 416: For as it later emerged, the Divine
Page 417 and 418: they decided to suggest to, and ind
Page 419 and 420: sited by the Arctic sea, to become
Page 421 and 422: As I rolled over in my mind these a
Page 423 and 424: to Her Highness the Empress, asking
Page 425 and 426: I should choose; this needed to be
Page 427 and 428: he was already a famous and well kn
Page 429 and 430: SUMMARY AND REFERENCES
Page 431 and 432: eceived increasing support in Centr
Page 433 and 434: items published before the year 180
Page 435 and 436: econstruct lost parts of their corr
Page 437 and 438: UNPRINTED SOURCES AND LITERATURE, 1
Page 439 and 440: Vardø 15 Jan 1769 MERCIER (Copenha
Page 441 and 442: Vienna 25 Mar ’80 J. BERNOULLI (B
Page 445 and 446: FIXLMILLNER Cremif. [Mar-July 1783]
Page 447 and 448: (measurements of the magnetic decli
Page 449 and 450: MS, Excerpts from the works “Saxo
Page 453 and 454: MS, [no heading] “Acceptis recent
Page 455 and 456: [Anonymous] 1767: “Transitus Vene
Page 457 and 458: 1768: Voyage en Sibérie, fait par
Page 459 and 460: 1761b: Elementa Arithmeticæ Numeri
Page 461 and 462: übersetzt, Dritter Band, pp. 171-3
Page 463: Kratzenstein, Christian Gottlieb 17
Page 467 and 468: 1774: “Förklaring På de Formler
Page 469 and 470: Trebuchet, Claude-Étienne 1766:
Page 471 and 472: 2011a: “Nordiske amatørastronome
Page 473 and 474: Bennett, Jim 2002: “The travels a
Page 475 and 476: Bursill-Hall, Piers (ed.) 1993: R.
Page 477 and 478: Duhr, Bernhard 1892: Jesuiten-Fabel
Page 479 and 480: Firneis, Maria G. & Franz Kerschbau
Page 481 and 482: Harbsmeier, Michael 2003: “Indled
Page 483 and 484: Hundrup, F. E. 1854: Biographiske e
Page 485 and 486: Kragemo, Helge (Bergh) 1933: “Pat
Page 487 and 488: Ludwig, Walther 1997: “Die neuzei
Page 489 and 490: Nordenmark, N. V. E. 1939: Pehr Wil
Page 491 and 492: 2006: “Sverige, vetenskapen och P
Page 493 and 494: Sajnovics, Johannes (Joannes, Johan
Page 495 and 496: Smagina, Galina Ivanovna 2007: “P
Page 497 and 498: Tibenský, Ján 1970: “Pokusy o o
Page 499 and 500: Vorontsov-Vel’yaminov, Boris A. 1
Page 502: ISBN xxx-xx-xxxx-xxx-x
show all

Maximilianus Hell (1720-1792) - Munin

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?