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3 Cases for non-Fairtrade farmers in the same region, due to increased demand and investment. The effect is overall improved income from agriculture in the broader region. Innovation and sustainability The increased income from Fairtrade means that producer organisations have more funds to save and invest in the long-term sustainability of their businesses. This financial security also increases the likelihood that they will takerisks and invest in innovative technologies and alternative means of production. These initial steps can lead to a cycle of innovation. Access to new and more lucrative marketing channels provides additional revenue streams, which in turn lead to more investment and innovation. For example, in 2009, the Gikanda Farmers Cooperative Society in Kenya invested USD 4,000 from their Fairtrade premium in constructing modern,metallic coffee drying beds, which reduce drying time and ensure even exposure. Fairtrade encourages this type of investment through the development of targeted business plans and provides support through liaison officers and producer networks when needed. Fairtrade also encourages environmentally sustainable farming practices, which in turn support the productivity of theland in the long term. Many farmers investin intercropping, planting of shade trees, reducing pesticide use and switching to organic production techniques. For example, banana farmers in the Windward Islands have been required by Fairtrade standards to reduce their chemical usage. This change has led to improvements in their families’ health, confirmed by the annual health checks that indicated a marked decline in the levels of pesticides in their bodies (Smith 2010). Abbreviations FLO FTA CLAC NAP Fairtrade International Fairtrade Africa Coordinator of Fairtrade Latin America and the Caribbean Network of Asian Producers 117
<strong>Regional</strong> <strong>Markets</strong> for Local Development References Arnould, E., A. Plastina, and D. Ball. 2006. Market Disintermediation and Producer Value Capture: The Case of Fairtrade Coffee in Nicaragua, Peru and Guatemala. Paper prepared for presentation at the Conference, “Product and Market Development for Subsistence Marketplaces: Consumption and Entrepreneurship Beyond Literacy and Resource Barriers.” 2–4 August 2006, University of Illinois, Chicago. Dilley, C. 2011. Women and fair trade coffee production in Nicaragua. GEOGRAFIA online Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 7 Issue 1 (64–74). Fairtrade Foundation. 2009. The global food crisis and Fairtrade: Small farmers, big solutions. Jaffe, D. 2007. Brewing justice: Fairtrade coffee, sustainability and survival. University of California Press, Berkley and Los Angeles, California. Laroche, K., and Guittard, B. 2009. The impact of Fairtrade labelling on small-scale producers. Report for Max Havelaar France. Nelson, V., and Pound, B. 2009. The Last Ten Years: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature on the Impact of Fairtrade. Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham. Nelson, V., and Smith, S. 2012.Fairtrade cotton: Assessing impact in Mali, Senegal, Cameroon and India. Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham. http://www.nri.org/projects/fairtradecotton/docs/Impact%20of%20Fairtrade%20Cotton%20-%20main%20report%20-%20final%20Apr2012.pdf Riisgaard, L., A.M. Escobar., and S. Ponte. 2010. Gender and Value Chain Development. Evaluation study. The Danish Institute of International Studies (DIIS). http://www.oecd.org/derec/denmark/45670567.pdf Smith, S. 2010. Fairtrade Bananas: A Global Assessment of Impact. Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK. Smith, S. 2013. Assessing the gender impact of Fairtrade. Social Enterprise Journal, Vol. 9, Issue 1. 118
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Editors: Fred Zaal, Jacqueline Slui
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Regional Markets for Local Developm
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements F
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Foreword Bart de Steenhuijsen Piter
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Photo: ©FAO/Paballo Thekiso / FAO
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1 Introduction The challenge is to
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1 Introduction in this publication
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1 Introduction agro-related service
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2 Inclusion of smallholder farmers
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