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3 Cases Figure 3.2 FoSHoL seed production and distribution system BRRI sells foundation seeds to farmer groups and provides seed production Individual seed growers multiply the foundation seeds Seed collection, primary processing and transportation to central processing centre by the farmer group The processor group of farmers manages drying, grading, storing and packaging at processing center The trader group of farmers market seeds to growers Rice growing farmers Figure 3.3 Existing rice seed production and delivery systems in Bangladesh Varietal development of seed by Public sector, eg. BRRI, BINA Source seed (breeder Seed) by public sector as mentioned above Seed Multiplication by the following • Public Sector: BADC • Owned farm • Contract farms (growers) • Processing • Storage • Private sector (Syngenta, Supreme seeds) • Owned farms • Contract farms (growers) • Processing (one center in the country) • Storage (few centers) • NGO sector (different NGOs) • Owned farms, contract farms (growers) • Processing (2 centers) • Storage (few centers) Marketing Owned outlets Private seed dealers Retail sellers Rice Growing Farmers 95
<strong>Regional</strong> <strong>Markets</strong> for Local Development The FoSHoL system is very different as can be seen in Figure 3.2. Compared to the long supply chain in which farmers have little control, in FoSHoL’s chain control is exercised at the level of farmers groups. The system is reversed, i.e. availability and quality are now in the hands of the end consumers of the seeds—the smallholder farmers. Impact of the intervention Pro-poor development FoSHoL focused on those most in need: all of the participating smallholders own less than 0.2 hectares or have no land of their own. The FoSHoL seed initiative generated additional incomes for all stakeholders in the intervention area, including seed growers, processors and traders. The production and marketing of quality rice has directly improved incomes for the farmers who purchase and use FoSHoL seeds for rice cultivation. Through its other actions, the project promoted diversification of livelihood sources (like fish ponds) and the upgrading of the skills needed to expand production of already existing livelihoods (like livestock and poultry). These activities provided both direct food sources and additional commercial products to be sold on local spot markets (ActionAid 2011). In addition to the economic benefits, the success of the FoSHoL project helped boost the confidence of smallholder farmers. They realised that by coming together they can achieve greater food security through improved rice production. The Farmers Alliance provided a viable alternative to the seed dealers and companies, which used to charge high prices for sub-standard seeds. Their empowerment was most prominently displayed when they challenged the established political structures by seeking to obtain union council posts at the local elections. Gender Looking at rice cultivation, the gender roles are almost evenly split according to time spent. Men are primarily involved in planting and harvesting the crop as well as the marketing. While the women do much of the work of winnowing/cleaning seeds, threshing, drying and packaging. Often they perform these tasks as wage labourers, thus providing additional income for their families. Through FoSHoL, women are employed both at the local seed production and at the central seed processing stages. The women of the community are also more active in additional productive activities, like cultivating crops in the homestead gardens or preparing organic fertilisers for rice. Direct participation alongside the men in the seed enterprise, biodiversity centres and union livestock service centres has increased the women’s self-esteem. They enjoy greater respect in their families and the community as a whole. They are also able to 96
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Editors: Fred Zaal, Jacqueline Slui
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Regional Markets for Local Developm
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements F
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Foreword Bart de Steenhuijsen Piter
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Photo: ©FAO/Paballo Thekiso / FAO
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1 Introduction The challenge is to
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1 Introduction in this publication
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1 Introduction agro-related service
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1 Introduction is used). Market kno
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1 Introduction their borders to foo
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1 Introduction When individual valu
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2 Inclusion of smallholder farmers
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