Geoinformation for Disaster and Risk Management - ISPRS

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Chapters 10, 11, 12 and 13 present examples of technologies fusion (ground sensors, satellite products and GIS) for several medium scale disasters. Kerle and Neussner present a local flood early warning system, which consists of rain and river level gauges and a command and control system for processing the data. The system can alert citizens at every administrative level and did not miss a single flooding event, being activated 13 times since 2007. Glabsch et al. report on tests of a low-cost land slide monitoring system based on a network of point stations with permanent position control. The system is completely modular and allows long-term monitoring as it is powered by solar energy. Data handling and processing is managed by different software packages and all the measurements are archived in a database management system. Klaus Chmelina presents the Kronos system, which is dedicated to tunnel structure monitoring. The Kronos software is being successfully applied for the metro in Budapest and Thessaloniki. Spinetti et al. present their system for monitoring Mount Etna, Italy. The system monitors surface deformation, surface temperature and gas and particles emissions into the atmosphere. These parameters (obtained from satellite imagery and radar) are used by decision-makers for better understanding the situation after an eruption. Chapters 14, 15 and 16 demonstrate the use of geo-information in a more societal context, addressing auditing disaster-related aid, and estimation of population growth in megacities. Bijker et al. (chapter 14) describe their approach based on land cover change detection between the start and at the end of the audit period. The maps were derived from satellite images. The study clearly shows that the method is cost-effective and also served to demonstrate to the local authorities the importance of geography in policy implementation for disaster areas. Similar conclusions are also drawn in the last chapter by Nolte et al., related to the role of remote sensing and GIS for the sustainable development of megacities. The authors argue that information on population density and its spatial distribution is one of the most crucial requirements for resilient disaster management. These parameters can successfully be monitored with remote sensing technology and processed with GIS packages. The last chapter 16 presents a number of emergency situations, in which GIS was successfully applied for response or recovery. The authors Cygan et al convincingly illustrate that GIS aids in establishing complete situational awareness by linking people, processes and information. x The editors believe that this booklet is a helpful demonstration of how geoinformation technology can be efficiently integrated into disaster management, encompassing data collection (remote sensing, sensor networks, mobile systems), data processing, and production of maps, which are further integrated, analyzed and visualized in GIS/Web-GIS. Many more advanced exciting technologies (3D visualization and simulation) are in the process of development, prototyping and testing and will be available in the coming years. The authors believe that this book will contribute to a better understanding and acceptance of these technologies. The book is complemented by the mission profiles of the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) and the JBGIS member societies The book is intended to target political and administrative decision-makers as well as administrative emergency practitioners, but also technical experts from different disciplines including computer science, information technology, engineering, and disaster management. The editors would like to thank the members of the Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies for approving the project, and the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, the United Nations World Food Programme, the foundation Compagnia di San Paolo and ITHACA for all the valuable support given to the realization of this book. Furthermore the editors want to express their sincere thanks to two persons, namely Prof. John Trinder and Dr. Gerhard Kemper. Prof. Trinder took care of the proofreading with unprecedented capacity. Dr. Kemper designed the layout of the booklet with his well-proven competence. Without their help this publication would not have been realized. We wish to thank the ISPRS Council for their encouragement and support for all stages of the preparation of the booklet to its completion. Orhan ALTAN Robert BACKHAUS Piero BOCCARDO Sisi ZLATANOVA
Table of Contents Preface by UN Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) Page iii - iii Preface by Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies (JB GIS) Page v - v C Introduction: Orhan Altan, Robert Backhaus, Piero Boccardo, Sisi Zlatanova Page vii - x Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Chapter 5: Chapter 6: Chapter 7: Chapter 8: Chapter 9: Chapter 10: Chapter 11: Tom De Groeve, Thomas Peter, Alessandro Annunziato, Luca Vernaccini. Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Page 1 - 6 Andrea Ajmar, Fabio Giulio Tonolo, Francesca Perez. Flood Mapping in Support of Humanitarian Organizations Page 7 - 12 Dieter Oertel, Eckehard Lorenz, Winfried Halle Detection and Monitoring of Wildfires by a Constellation of Small Satellites with Infrared Sensor Systems Page 13 - 17 Shirish Ravan. Spatial Data to Complement the Use of Space-based Information for Disaster Management Page 19 - 23 Richard A Kidd, Ian McCallum, M. Yakob Ishadamy. The Benefit of High Resolution Aerial Imagery for Topographic Mapping and Disaster Recovery: Lessons Learnt from the 2004 Indonesian Tsunami Page 25 - 30 Andrea Ajmar, Piero Boccardo, Fabio Giulio Tonolo, Carlos Veloso. Earthquake Damage Assessment Using Remote Sensing Imagery. The Haiti Case Study. Page 31 - 37 Suju Li, Yida Fan, Siquan Yang, Lei Wang. Space Technology Application for Wenchuan Earthquake Relief Page 39 - 44 Stanley A. Morain, Amelia M. Budge. Suggested Practices for Forecasting Dust Storms and Intervening Their Health Effects Page 45 - 50 Olaf Kranz, Gunter Zeug, Dirk Tiede, Stephen Clandillon, Denis Bruckert, Thomas Kemper, Stefan Lang, Mathilde Caspard. Monitoring Refugee/IDP Camps to Support International Relief Action Page 51 - 56 Norman Kerle, Olaf Neussner. Local Flood Early Warning Based on Low-Tech Geoinformatics Approaches and Community Involvement. A Solution For Rural Areas in The Philippines Page 57 - 62 Jessica Glabsch, Otto Heunecke, Stefan Schuhbäck. Development and Testing of a Low Cost Sensor PDGNSS Landslide Monitoring System using the Example of the Aggenalm Landslide in the Bavarian Alps Page 63 - 70 xi
Page 1: Joint Board of Geospatial Informati
Page 5: Preface Each year, disasters arisin
Page 9 and 10: Introduction National governments,
Page 11: Chapter 6, 7, 8 and 9 demonstrate s
Page 15 and 16: TIntroduction Global Disaster Alert
Page 17 and 18: Three ingredients for success Multi
Page 19 and 20: Example 2009 Typhoons in South-East
Page 21 and 22: NIntroduction Flood Mapping in Supp
Page 23 and 24: The aforementioned data belongs to
Page 25 and 26: Dissemination Dissemination process
Page 27 and 28: Detection and Monitoring of Wildfir
Page 29 and 30: Active Fire Products with Fire Radi
Page 31: In-Orbit Verification of On-board F
Page 34 and 35: Up-to-date thematic and baseline sp
Page 36 and 37: 22 Data Details Relevance to disast
Page 39 and 40: The Benefit of High Resolution Aeri
Page 41 and 42: Delays, due to security clearance a
Page 43 and 44: Determination of the benefit of use
Page 45 and 46: Earthquake damage assessment using
Page 47 and 48: Available remotely sensed data Time
Page 49 and 50: priority. The updated large scale r
Page 51: Discussion and conclusions The Hait
Page 54 and 55: The characteristics of the earthqua
Page 56 and 57: Image acquisition Within two hours
Page 58 and 59: Map making All the map products wer
Page 60 and 61: Dust, smoke, and human health There
Page 62 and 63:
Improvements in model performance w
Page 64 and 65:
Daily PM2.5 concentrations from Apr
Page 66 and 67:
Refugees and IDPs live in widely va
Page 68 and 69:
processing chains to finally derive
Page 70 and 71:
Environmental impact assessment The
Page 72 and 73:
(Grimm et al., 2008; Kerle and Alke
Page 74 and 75:
Command and information chain The c
Page 76 and 77:
Accomplishments and limitations The
Page 78 and 79:
Satellite based positioning techniq
Page 80 and 81:
Communication component Widespread
Page 82 and 83:
68 Figure 6: Variations of the hori
Page 84 and 85:
Conclusion The LC PDGNSS NRTP appro
Page 86 and 87:
Kronos Kronos is an information sys
Page 88 and 89:
Kronos at Thessaloniki Metro Projec
Page 91 and 92:
AIntroduction Volcanic Risk Managem
Page 93 and 94:
Mt. Etna 2006 eruption Mt. Etna (33
Page 95:
Conclusions A Web-GIS developed sep
Page 98 and 99:
and donor countries. For SAIs of af
Page 100 and 101:
Check for compliance with risk regu
Page 103 and 104:
Population Estimation for Megacitie
Page 105 and 106:
Tiered conceptual framework for pop
Page 107 and 108:
Remote sensing and advanced technol
Page 109 and 110:
GIS for Emergency Management DIntro
Page 111 and 112:
Case Study: GIS Enhances China Reli
Page 113 and 114:
REFERENCES Adams, B.J., Huyck, C.K.
Page 115 and 116:
Kranz O., Lang S., Tiede D., Zeug G
Page 117 and 118:
Support from Space: The United Nati
Page 119 and 120:
What UN-SPIDER is doing - Its Tools
Page 121 and 122:
Alternatively, technical advice to
Page 123 and 124:
The Knowledge Base provides guides
Page 125 and 126:
An exemplary case: The African Sub-
Page 127 and 128:
The pilot project is envisaged to c
Page 129 and 130:
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
Page 131 and 132:
GSDI Aspirations The GSDI Associati
Page 133 and 134:
TWhat is Geodesy? The International
Page 135 and 136:
Global Navigation Satellite Systems
Page 137 and 138:
The International Cartographic Asso
Page 139 and 140:
Understanding between the United Na
Page 141 and 142:
The International Federation of Sur
Page 143 and 144:
FIG approach to natural disaster pr
Page 145 and 146:
T The Map Trade Association (IMTA)
Page 147 and 148:
Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina
Page 149 and 150:
The International Society for Photo
Page 151 and 152:
Activities of the ISPRS WG IV/8: 3D
Page 153 and 154:
JBGIS Members and Sponsors 139
Page 155 and 156:
IMPORTANT EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIPS The
Page 158:
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