Geoinformation for Disaster and Risk Management - ISPRS

Kronos
Kronos is an information system developed by
Geodata that is designed to store, manage and utilize
the data categories shown in Fig. 2.
Authorized users can access the system either locally
or remotely (e.g. via internet) through user-friendly
interfaces to carry out data input/output or
import/export, produce various types of problemoriented
visualisations, etc. Integrated services
perform automatic data acquisition, reporting and
alarms and are capable to transfer huge volumes of
data from and to the system without user
interaction.
Kronos at Budapest Metro Line M4
Project introduction
The new line M4 of Budapest Metro (see Fig. 3)
connects the districts Kelenföld in Buda and
Rakospalota in Pest. The line has a length of 7.2 km
with 10 stations. The excavation of the two parallel
tunnels is done with two Tunnel Boring Machines
(TBM), each having a total length of 113 m and a
cutter head diameter of 6.1 m. The difficult
geological conditions on the side of Pest, the passage
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Figure 2: Data categories covered by the information system Kronos
under historical buildings, and the
crossing of the river Danube with
a minimum of overburden created
a major challenge for the
engineers responsible for the
execution of an extensive
geotechnical monitoring program.
The station buildings are
constructed by cut and cover and,
partly with the New Austrian
Tunnelling Method (NATM).
Figure 3: Map of Budapest Metro line M4 displayed in Kronos
Kronos application
The geotechnical monitoring at Budapest Metro is
based on different types of monitoring sensors such
as 3d targets (measured with totalstations), levelling
points, inclinometers, tilt meters, rod extensometers,
etc. A total of nearly 10.000 monitoring sensors and
points are installed in the city on the surface and
underground.