Geoinformation for Disaster and Risk Management - ISPRS

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Kronos at Thessaloniki Metro Project introduction The currently built Thessaloniki metro network (see Fig. 5) comprises 13 modern platform stations and 9.5 km of track (with two independent single track tunnels) constructed mostly (7.7 km) by means of two tunnel boring machines. The remaining section of the line is constructed by the cut and cover method. Kronos application For the Thessaloniki project Kronos takes over responsibility for monitoring, data management and emergency alarms, but also performs additional tasks such as the on-line transfer and display of data from tunnel boring machines and automatic measurement systems, geological documentation, and document management and automatic reporting. Onsite, more than 30 different users (experts from the client and contractor) are connected to the system and receive all necessary project data, and if desired even automatically generated and periodically sent reports. To guarantee the safety of the overlaying and adjacent buildings and structures and to verify the assumptions made during the project planning, a huge geotechnical monitoring program is executed. 74 Figure 7: Contour map of settlements measured by automatic totalstations that are connected online to the system allows for live-interpretation of subsidence. I
It employs numerous computer controlled onlinesensors such as geodetic totalstations that automatically measure every few seconds the 3D coordinates of hundreds of targets installed on buildings and other structures. Fig. 6 shows the huge volumes of measured data transferred to and managed by the system month-by-month, which at its peak reached 300.000 measurements per month. In the project the Kronos database server is installed locally and also maintained by a local administrator. The many different data sources/providers in the project are either connected online or obliged to provide their data in specified data formats to assure uniform data quality and appropriate data transfer speeds. From the distributed sources an automatic data collection service transfers, checks and imports the data to the database. In case of missing data or data quality problems, corresponding feedback is given immediately. After successful data imports all available online data displays are refreshed (see Fig. 7 and 8) and all further services invoked (e.g. the alarms). Conclusion The two examples described represent best practice on how a modern information system supports monitoring and alarming for tunnel construction sites. Its main advantage is that it accomplishes a highly efficient site data management where all data is integrated into one central platform and where well-organized and systematic data transfer from and to this platform is realized. No longer is it necessary to deal with data that is stored in various different, disconnected and incompatible systems. Problems arising from time consuming data search, data loss and inconsistencies, erroneous or redundant data are avoided. Further advantages are that all data can be accessed by multiple users, any time, from anywhere and at the click of a button. All relevant information is permanently available, which significantly improves the communication among experts and decision makers. This intelligent and extensive alarm system can take into account all project data. The system thus, contributes significantly to safer tunnel construction. Figure 8: The settlements in fig. 7 can be analysed in combination with the live-display of TBM performance data 75
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Joint Board of Geospatial Informati
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Preface Each year, disasters arisin
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Introduction National governments,
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Chapter 6, 7, 8 and 9 demonstrate s
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Table of Contents Preface by UN Off
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TIntroduction Global Disaster Alert
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Three ingredients for success Multi
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Example 2009 Typhoons in South-East
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NIntroduction Flood Mapping in Supp
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The aforementioned data belongs to
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Dissemination Dissemination process
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Detection and Monitoring of Wildfir
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Active Fire Products with Fire Radi
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In-Orbit Verification of On-board F
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Up-to-date thematic and baseline sp
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22 Data Details Relevance to disast
Page 39 and 40: The Benefit of High Resolution Aeri
Page 41 and 42: Delays, due to security clearance a
Page 43 and 44: Determination of the benefit of use
Page 45 and 46: Earthquake damage assessment using
Page 47 and 48: Available remotely sensed data Time
Page 49 and 50: priority. The updated large scale r
Page 51: Discussion and conclusions The Hait
Page 54 and 55: The characteristics of the earthqua
Page 56 and 57: Image acquisition Within two hours
Page 58 and 59: Map making All the map products wer
Page 60 and 61: Dust, smoke, and human health There
Page 62 and 63: Improvements in model performance w
Page 64 and 65: Daily PM2.5 concentrations from Apr
Page 66 and 67: Refugees and IDPs live in widely va
Page 68 and 69: processing chains to finally derive
Page 70 and 71: Environmental impact assessment The
Page 72 and 73: (Grimm et al., 2008; Kerle and Alke
Page 74 and 75: Command and information chain The c
Page 76 and 77: Accomplishments and limitations The
Page 78 and 79: Satellite based positioning techniq
Page 80 and 81: Communication component Widespread
Page 82 and 83: 68 Figure 6: Variations of the hori
Page 84 and 85: Conclusion The LC PDGNSS NRTP appro
Page 86 and 87: Kronos Kronos is an information sys
Page 91 and 92: AIntroduction Volcanic Risk Managem
Page 93 and 94: Mt. Etna 2006 eruption Mt. Etna (33
Page 95: Conclusions A Web-GIS developed sep
Page 98 and 99: and donor countries. For SAIs of af
Page 100 and 101: Check for compliance with risk regu
Page 103 and 104: Population Estimation for Megacitie
Page 105 and 106: Tiered conceptual framework for pop
Page 107 and 108: Remote sensing and advanced technol
Page 109 and 110: GIS for Emergency Management DIntro
Page 111 and 112: Case Study: GIS Enhances China Reli
Page 113 and 114: REFERENCES Adams, B.J., Huyck, C.K.
Page 115 and 116: Kranz O., Lang S., Tiede D., Zeug G
Page 117 and 118: Support from Space: The United Nati
Page 119 and 120: What UN-SPIDER is doing - Its Tools
Page 121 and 122: Alternatively, technical advice to
Page 123 and 124: The Knowledge Base provides guides
Page 125 and 126: An exemplary case: The African Sub-
Page 127 and 128: The pilot project is envisaged to c
Page 129 and 130: Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
Page 131 and 132: GSDI Aspirations The GSDI Associati
Page 133 and 134: TWhat is Geodesy? The International
Page 135 and 136: Global Navigation Satellite Systems
Page 137 and 138: The International Cartographic Asso
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Understanding between the United Na
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The International Federation of Sur
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FIG approach to natural disaster pr
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T The Map Trade Association (IMTA)
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Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina
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The International Society for Photo
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Activities of the ISPRS WG IV/8: 3D
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JBGIS Members and Sponsors 139
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IMPORTANT EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIPS The
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