Geoinformation for Disaster and Risk Management - ISPRS

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For the first five years (2004-2009), GDACS was funded by the European Commission. This resulted in the development of an integrated web-based service that combines critical disaster information systems under one umbrella. During this period, GDACS introduced its services to international disaster responders in meetings, workshops, seminars and disaster response exercises. The main information service providers in GDACS are �the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra, Italy, �the United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), with the Virtual OSOCC or Virtual On Site Operations Coordination Center and ReliefWeb and �the United Nations Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNOSAT). GDACS comprises three elements: 1. Web-based automatic alert notifications and impact estimations (JRC) for earthquakes, tropical cyclones, floods and volcanoes. 2. A community of emergency managers and emergency operation centres in responding and disaster-prone countries and disaster response organisations worldwide. 3. Automatic information exchange between web-based disaster information systems (presently: JRC, Virtual OSOCC, ReliefWeb and UNOSAT). 2 Today, many governments and disaster response organisations rely on GDACS alerts and impact estimations, and utilise the Virtual OSOCC for information exchange and cooperation with other actors in the first phase of major disasters. GDACS has around 10000 subscribers, most of whom represent governmental or non-governmental disaster response organisations. Several countries have included the use of GDACS services, in particular JRC's automatic alert and impact estimations and the Virtual OSOCC, in their national disaster response plans. An on-line survey that was carried out in 2008 among GDACS users showed that most organisations rely heavily on its services both with regard to automatic alerts and impact estimations, as well as its network of disaster managers and coordination platform. Figure 2: The GDACS website (http://www.gdacs.org) shows near real-time information for earthquake, cyclone, flood and volcano disasters.
Three ingredients for success Multi-hazard approach GDACS was born out of a need to reduce the need to monitor several web sites for several disaster types. The European Commission Office for Humanitarian Aid (ECHO), one of the largest donors of humanitarian aid, expressed the wish for a single portal to access information on any natural disaster. This has driven the early development of GDACS, or global disaster alert system. Only later was the system integrated with an information system for “coordination” response, which proved successful and will be described later. GDACS provides global multi-hazard disaster monitoring and alerting for earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, volcanoes and tropical cyclones. These hazards have very different physics and are studied in disconnected scientific communities. Through partnerships with scientific organisations and other hazard monitoring institutions, GDACS collects near real-time hazard information, which is combined in GIS models with demographic and socio-economic data. GDACS performs a consequence analysis with a risk formula combining the magnitude of a hazard with an element at risk (such as the amount of people in the affected area) and a vulnerability factor accounting for physical and socio-economic resilience of the affected area. For tsunamis, GDACS uses a novel tsunami system developed at the Joint Research Centre, which through 135000 precalculated scenarios, can provide an immediate assessment of tsunami risk . A system of systems based on open standards As research in early warning and alert systems is developing rapidly, existing data and models will soon be outdated. In order to provide a robust framework for cooperation, GDACS was designed from the beginning as a system of systems. Individual components can be exchanged with newer, better components that provide more added value for emergency responders. As a means to achieve interoperability of models and systems, GDACS has promoted the use of standards for information and communication. The two most important standards in the GDACS framework are RSS (a communication standard) and the GLIDE number (a content standard). The first, Really Simple Syndication or RSS, is a wellestablished XML format for exchange of messages. Because it is so simple and widely used, almost any organisation has the ability to produce RSS feeds, making it a very useful standard. Over the past few years, JRC has assisted several organisations to start producing RSS feeds, making their information interoperable with GDACS. The second standard, the GLobal IDEntifier for 1 disasters or GLIDE , is a unique identifier for a disaster, pioneered by the Asian Disaster Reduction Center. Its purpose is to allow many organisations to link their databases on disasters. This is not a trivial problem, because a disaster is a loosely defined concept used in different ways in different research and practitioner communities. The components of a GLIDE number consist of two letters to identify the disaster type (e.g. EQ - earthquake); the year of the disaster; a six-digit, sequential disaster number; and the three-letter ISO code for country of occurrence. 1 : http://www.glidenumber.net/ Current scientific partners: �Earthquakes: US, Italian, European, German, Chinese and Russian seismological institutes �Tropical cyclones: Pacific Disaster Centre �Floods: Dartmouth Flood Observatory, NASA, Ithaca �Volcanic eruptions: Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program �Tsunamis: NOAA, UNESCO Physical observations GDACS collects information from existing observation and early warning systems such as tsunami detection systems Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS) GDACS adds value by assessing affected population density and vulnerability. If the situation is severe, alerts are sent by SMS, fax and email. Discussion tools Disaster management community GDACS offers tools for donors, search and rescue and relief NGOs to coordinate response better News services Map services Web scraping GIS analysis Severity determination Figure 3. Principle of GDACS system Population density Vulnerability Critical infrastructure Alert (SMS, fax, email) 3
Page 1: Joint Board of Geospatial Informati
Page 5: Preface Each year, disasters arisin
Page 9 and 10: Introduction National governments,
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 6, 7, 8 and 9 demonstrate s
Page 13 and 14: Table of Contents Preface by UN Off
Page 15: TIntroduction Global Disaster Alert
Page 19 and 20: Example 2009 Typhoons in South-East
Page 21 and 22: NIntroduction Flood Mapping in Supp
Page 23 and 24: The aforementioned data belongs to
Page 25 and 26: Dissemination Dissemination process
Page 27 and 28: Detection and Monitoring of Wildfir
Page 29 and 30: Active Fire Products with Fire Radi
Page 31: In-Orbit Verification of On-board F
Page 34 and 35: Up-to-date thematic and baseline sp
Page 36 and 37: 22 Data Details Relevance to disast
Page 39 and 40: The Benefit of High Resolution Aeri
Page 41 and 42: Delays, due to security clearance a
Page 43 and 44: Determination of the benefit of use
Page 45 and 46: Earthquake damage assessment using
Page 47 and 48: Available remotely sensed data Time
Page 49 and 50: priority. The updated large scale r
Page 51: Discussion and conclusions The Hait
Page 54 and 55: The characteristics of the earthqua
Page 56 and 57: Image acquisition Within two hours
Page 58 and 59: Map making All the map products wer
Page 60 and 61: Dust, smoke, and human health There
Page 62 and 63: Improvements in model performance w
Page 64 and 65: Daily PM2.5 concentrations from Apr
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Refugees and IDPs live in widely va
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processing chains to finally derive
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Environmental impact assessment The
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(Grimm et al., 2008; Kerle and Alke
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Command and information chain The c
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Accomplishments and limitations The
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Satellite based positioning techniq
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Communication component Widespread
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68 Figure 6: Variations of the hori
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Conclusion The LC PDGNSS NRTP appro
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Kronos Kronos is an information sys
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Kronos at Thessaloniki Metro Projec
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AIntroduction Volcanic Risk Managem
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Mt. Etna 2006 eruption Mt. Etna (33
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Conclusions A Web-GIS developed sep
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and donor countries. For SAIs of af
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Check for compliance with risk regu
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Population Estimation for Megacitie
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Tiered conceptual framework for pop
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Remote sensing and advanced technol
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GIS for Emergency Management DIntro
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Case Study: GIS Enhances China Reli
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REFERENCES Adams, B.J., Huyck, C.K.
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Kranz O., Lang S., Tiede D., Zeug G
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Support from Space: The United Nati
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What UN-SPIDER is doing - Its Tools
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Alternatively, technical advice to
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The Knowledge Base provides guides
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An exemplary case: The African Sub-
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The pilot project is envisaged to c
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Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
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GSDI Aspirations The GSDI Associati
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TWhat is Geodesy? The International
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Global Navigation Satellite Systems
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The International Cartographic Asso
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Understanding between the United Na
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The International Federation of Sur
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FIG approach to natural disaster pr
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T The Map Trade Association (IMTA)
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Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina
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The International Society for Photo
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Activities of the ISPRS WG IV/8: 3D
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JBGIS Members and Sponsors 139
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IMPORTANT EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIPS The
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