History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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Abdur Rahman III 127 right. Since the Fatimids of Northern Africa were tom by internal strife, they posed no danger to Cordova. Spain was now safe because Morocco also came under the occupation of Sultan Abdur Rahman III. The Governor of Saragossa (Sarcat) revolts Internal feuds of the Christian powers came to an end in 322 A.H. The Christians then had Muhammad bin Hisham as the Governor of Saragossa rise against the central rule and promised him all their help. Now the whole territory from Barcelona to Galicia rose up against Sultan Abdur Rahman III. The annexation of Morocco had infuriated the Christians and so they decided to break the back of Abdur Rahman by setting the Governor of Saragossa against the Muslim ruler. Abdur Rahman turned to the north to chastise the Governor and found the Christians ready to take him on. He won a derisive victory and arrested Muhammad bin Hisham while the Christian forces fled to their respective territories. Abdur Rahman singled out each of them and made them the target of his attack and made each of them to submit. Sultan Abdur Rahman returned to Cordova after serving a warning to the Christians, punishing Muhammad bin Hisham thoroughly and appointing Urnayyah bin Ishaq as the governor of Saragossa. Battle of Trenches In 327 A.H. a brother of Urnayyah bin Ishaq was charged with hatching a plot and the Sultan put him to death. Urnayyah bin Ishaq was shocked and distressed at this action. The Christian powers extended their sympathy to Urnayyah and set him against the Sultan. The Christian king Ramiro was very clever and experienced. Urnayyah revolted and shifted to Galicia with as much treasure and force as he could take away with him. Forces from other Christian States rushed to join him. This was in fact the greatest demonstration of Christian might in Spain, which was joined by a Muslim governor with all the power at his command. Besides, he gave some secret information and significant advice. The presence of Urnayyah bin Ishaq was very encouraging. On hearing this new development, Sultan Abdur Rahman III declared jihad with the result that people in large numbers joined his camp.
128 The History of Islam The number of Muslim troops rose to fifty thousands. As the Muslim force advanced towards the north, the Christian troops concentrated in Simancas. The Christians fortified the city and made a trench in front of it along with having a huge army. Ramiro was the Commander-in-chief of the allied Christian forces and Umayyah bin Ishaq was his supporter and adviser. The Muslim army initiated the attack and the Christian troops came out to meet the challenge. The Christians were defeated in every engagement. A few days after the initial engagements, the Christian force was besieged in the fortifications of Simancas. The Muslim force walls one after another. advanced into the fortifications and they conquered three But as they crossed the last wall, the Christian troops snipped at the surrounded Muslim army and they could not move ahead or go back and they fell into the trenches only to die. Only 49 fighters were able to save their lives and Abdur Rahman III was the 50th person to remain alive. He was pulled out of the trench with much difficulty. Ramiro wanted to send a squadron in pursuit of the fifty men including Sultan Abdur Rahman HI but Umayyah bin Ishaq advised against this risky step for the Muslim force might attack from an ambush. Abdur Rahman suffered an immense setback. Never since the first Muslims had set foot on the soil of Spain had the Muslims suffered such a heavy setback. The battle was known as the Battle of Trenches. When Umayyah bin Ishaq at the end of the bloody battle witnessed the battlefield filled with the dead bodies of fifty thousand Muslims, he was shocked to the core and repented his mistake and his conscience reproved him for what he had done. He sent a petition to the Sultan seeking pardon for his fault and he deserted the Christians. Having returned to Cordova Sultan Abdur Rahman built a huge army and sent lt the Christian countries. It went on beating and defeating the Christian forces and deprived them of taking advantage of the Muslim setback of the Battle of Trenches. The Muslim force reached to the French territories and returned with a large amount of booty. The Abbasid Caliphate suffers The same year, 327 A.H., the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir was assassinated and the Fatimids laid their claim to the caliphate. In view of the absence of any threat from the Abbasid caliphate and the Fatimids
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The History of ISLAM 5V Volume Thre
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • &jh*t** £*
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In the Name of Allah the Most Benef
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6 The History of Islam In this seco
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8 The History of Islam The First St
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10 The History of Islam Chapter »
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— The History of Islam Accession
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14 The History of Islam Musta'in Bi
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16 King Muhammad Sultan Yusuf Sulta
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18 The History of Islam Death of Az
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20 The History of Islam Cowardice O
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22 The History of Islam The Battle
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24 The History of Islam Two big riv
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26 The History of Islam effects on
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28 The History of Islam to Ceuta, i
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Chapter 2 Islamic Rule In Spain The
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Islamic Rule In Spain 33 Tariq bin
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Islamic Rule In Spain 35 Musa bin N
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iciamicRule In Spain considered as
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Chapter 3 Rulers of Spain Abdul Azi
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Rulers of Spain 41 Abdul Aziz bin M
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Rulers of Spain 43 their capital wa
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Rulers of Spain 45 people became an
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Rulers of Spain 47 Uthman assassina
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Rulers of Spain 49 Utbah bin HajjaJ
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Rulers of Spain 51 Straits. Even th
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Rulers of Spain 53 Political Mistak
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Rulers of Spain 55 the French terri
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Rulers of Spain 57 Finally, Ibn Hat
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Rulers of Spain 59 eluded the Musli
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Chapter 4 The Spainish Caliphs Abdu
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The Spainish Caliphs 63 discovered
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The Spainish Caliphs 65 Rebellions
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The Spainish Caliphs 67 grandeur he
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The Spainish Caliphs 69 Rebels anni
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The Spainish Caliphs 71 powerful at
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The Spainish Caliphs 73 revolt repe
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Page 117 and 118: The Spainish Caliphs 117 The first
Page 119 and 120: The Spainish Caliphs 119 Condition
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Page 123 and 124: 124 The History of Islam Following
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Page 129 and 130: 130 The History of Abdur Rahman on
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Page 133 and 134: 134 The History of lsiam (Qasr al-K
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Page 147 and 148: 148 The History ofIslam 2. Queen Sa
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Page 153 and 154: 154 The History of Islam friends of
Page 155 and 156: . The History of Islam Berbers were
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Page 167 and 168: State ofAnarchy 169 Mu'tamid bin Mu
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Christian Brutality in Spain 179 te
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Christian Brutality in Spain 181 bi
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Chapter 9 Almohads (AI-Mowahad) Rul
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad) Rule in Spain
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad ) Rule in Spai
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194 The History of Islam Muhammad b
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Chapter 1 Granada Ibn Al-Ahmar Nasr
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Granada 199 were angry with the Min
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Granada 201 Waleed then hid one tho
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Granada 203 Khatib to Abu Salim bin
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Granada 205 Sultan Yuiuf HI Immedia
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Granada 207 pay annual tribute to t
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esumed Granada 209 Sultan Ibn Ismai
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Granada 211 the inexperienced Musli
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Granada 213 advances of the Christi
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Granada 215 End of Islamic Rule In
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Granada 217 13. After sixty days fr
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Granada 219 network of roads and ca
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Chapter 12 Morocco and North Africa
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Morocco and North Africa 223 child
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Morocco and North Africa 225 the mo
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Morocco and North Africa 227 Battle
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Morocco and North Africa . 229 woul
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Morocco arid North Africa 231 the o
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Morocco and North Africa 233 Abul G
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Morocco and North Africa 235 End of
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238 The History of Islam with the I
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240 The History of Islam Ubaidullah
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242 The History of Islam insurgence
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244 The History of Islam had played
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246 The History of Islam from the s
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248 The History of Islam Ghalib had
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250 The History of Islam he refuse
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252 The History of Islam out to fig
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254 The History of Islam already be
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256 The History of Islam number of
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' Mm 258 The History of Islam Hasan
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5 and . 260 The History of Islam Mu
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262 The History of Islam Death of H
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264 The History of Islam the throne
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266 The History of Islam Consequenc
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268 The History of Islam Salahuddin
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Chapter 1 Qaramatians of Bahrain Ya
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Qaramatians of Bahrain ___ 273 The
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Qaramatians of Bahrain 275 Abu Mans
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and aligned with their historical e
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Se 280 The History of Islam and pat
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282 The History of Islam The Govern
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284 The History of Islam Those Assa
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286 The History of Islam have also
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288 The History of islam asked them
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290 The History of Islam Removal Of
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292 The History of Islam Interpreta
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294 The History of Islam treaty, Ta
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298 The History of Islam to Bukhara
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300 The History of lslam Ghazni and
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302 The History of Islam were Jar a
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304 The History of Islam Death Of G
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^ The History of Islam and to becom
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308 The History of Islam returned t
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310 The History of Islam and attack
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312 The History of Islam virtue of
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314 The History of Islam wearing co
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316 The History of Islam Gaykhatu K
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318 The History of Islam Syria once
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320 The History of Islam Assassinat
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322 The History of Islam take on th
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324 The History of Islam Khan. Thus
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326 The History of Islam through th
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328 The History of Islam earlier co
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330 The History of Islam luxury and
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332 The History of Islam subduing A
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^owever 334 The History of Islam Al
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336 The History of Islam had divide
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He 338 The History of Islam In the
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340 The History of Islam Seljuk Dyn
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342 The History of Islam Romans (pr
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344 The History of Islam with each
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346 The History of Islam Alauddin G
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348 The History of Islam Following
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350 The History of Islam post. He t
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Chapter 1 Brief Supplement Of The I
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Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
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Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
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' Brief Supplement Of The Islamic H
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Chapter 19 Ottoman Dynasty We have
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Ottoman Dynasty 363 out and the Mon
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Ottoman Dynasty 365 intrigues of hi
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Ottoman Dynasty 367 sword and girdl
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370 The History of Islam counted am
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372 The History of Islam fully awar
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374 The History of Islam them into
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376 The History of Islam found his
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378 The History of Islam was making
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380 The History of Islam battlefiel
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382 The History of Islam unable to
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384 The History of Islam (northwest
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386 preparations against commanders
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388 The History of Islam Being sati
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390 The History of Islam freshness
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392 The History of Islam superior n
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394 The Histon/ of Islam an iron ca
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396 The History of Islam During the
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398 The History of Islam Sultan Muh
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Ill The History of Islam Constantin
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402 The History of Islam all such t
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The 404 • History of Islam and th
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406 The History of Islam In the wak
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408 The History of Islam grown very
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410 The History of Islam In 852 A.H
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412 The History of Islam First of a
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414 The History of Islam cracks app
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416 The History of Islam kept pushi
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418 The History of Islam emissary m
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420 The History of Islam his force
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422 The History of Islam Iran and A
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^ 424 The History of Islam acceded
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426 The History of Islam conquest.
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428 The History of Islam the Madras
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Chapter 2 Civil Wars after Sultan t
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gvil Wars after Sultan the Conquero
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conquer
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civ il Wars after Sultan the Conque
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conq ue
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the Civil Wars after Sultan the Con
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History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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