History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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Ottoman Empire 373 their capital and many more Christians settled in the Muslim territory *5 Dhimmi (non-Muslim citizens of an Islamic State). prime that danger Minister Alauddin put into the mind of his younger brother the big feudal fiefdoms possessed large armies and often posed a to the central rule. The feudal lords could use the influx of Christians against the central rulers. Thus it appeared wise that the young boys from the Christian prisoners and subjects be brought up and trained by the central power and an army be built out of them after teaching them Islam. This army was to be considered as the royal army and they were not expected to rise against the state. Moreover, they could prove their mettle as devout Muslims and in such a case, their relatives would not think of going against their own sons who made up the royal army. When the plan was put into practice and thousand young Christian boys, when properly taught and several trained, rose to such a respected position, the Christians themselves rushed for admission of their sons into these training centers. When the first batch of the young Christian trainees was posted as the bodyguards of the Sultan, he took them to a religions scholler for his The sage put his hand on the shoulder of a young trainee blessings. and invoked Allah's blessings for the new recruits, which was taken as a good omen. The teachings of Islam and exclusive military training made them very pious and devout Muslims on one hand and soldiers of the top rank on the other. These soldiers had nothing to do with their relatives and they were solely the virtuous servants of Islam and royal bodyguards. This wonderful army eUminated the danger of tevol against the central rule and the commanders and feudal lords could nm even Lk of such an action. Prime Mmister Alauddm o^ new roadrasas (schools) in different parts of the counny and teOmshans were given the same nghts th^t the Muslims full facilities to cany out their trade caused Urge numbe r of churches. This graceful behavior of th mal(. ^ tQ e Christians to enter the fold of klam ' “°"^p their own choice regarding religion and a“*P' . desores with full understanding of what they ted ^lam on their own This Janissary force was very moderT' r^' i^s' reforms in the army, gave it uniforms accord g ranks divided '
374 The History of Islam them into various regiments and made them follow military rules very strictly. One hundred, five hundred and one thousand soldiers were put under separate commands. The army was also divided into infantry and cavalry. A set of separate laws was enacted for the volunteers. Reforms were also made in the revenue department and separate civil and criminal courts in cities and towns were setup. Alauddin paid attention to the police and municipal departments. Tribes, which were fond of plunder and piracy, were given similar tasks to perform. They were organized as a separate force to be sent to enemy countries to terrorize them with their acts of plunder. Prime Minister Alauddin paid special attention to construction works and built mosques, madrasas, hospitals and inns. He also constructed magnificent parks and palaces in big cities, bridges over the rivers, set up police posts along the roads and constructed roads to facilitate trade activities and military movements. He did everything he could do for the progress and development of Asia Minor and for the peace, integrity and solidarity of the country as a whole. For these reasons this territory remains the abode of the Turks and they are still going so strong within its bounds that no one could dare drive them out of this land. The Caesar of Constantinople of the day had become disappointed with the loss of Asia Minor and the fall of many other occupied territories in Asia. In addition, he was apprehensive of the Turks landing on European coasts by crossing the sea. However, Orkhan preferred to consolidate the reforms and developmental works carried out by his elder brother Alauddin in Asia Minor than to expand their territory. He devoted twenty long and precarious years of his life to major reforms in all the departments of his administration. Had the following generations conformed they would have been ruling & in Egypt, the Balkans, and Tripoli also. Caesar's grandson rose in revolt against him. This civil war among the Christians proved somewhat advantageous to the Ottomans. The insurgents sought help from Prince Umar Beg the Turkish Governor of Iden. He crossed the sea with a fleet of 380 ships and an army of 28 thousand fighters and besieged the city of Demotika in Thrace, Greece. Afterwards, he took a detachment of two thousand cavalry soldiers and made progress into Serbia. Caesar held Umar Beg or
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The History of ISLAM 5V Volume Thre
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • &jh*t** £*
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In the Name of Allah the Most Benef
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6 The History of Islam In this seco
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8 The History of Islam The First St
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10 The History of Islam Chapter »
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— The History of Islam Accession
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14 The History of Islam Musta'in Bi
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16 King Muhammad Sultan Yusuf Sulta
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18 The History of Islam Death of Az
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20 The History of Islam Cowardice O
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22 The History of Islam The Battle
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24 The History of Islam Two big riv
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26 The History of Islam effects on
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28 The History of Islam to Ceuta, i
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Chapter 2 Islamic Rule In Spain The
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Islamic Rule In Spain 33 Tariq bin
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Islamic Rule In Spain 35 Musa bin N
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iciamicRule In Spain considered as
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Chapter 3 Rulers of Spain Abdul Azi
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Rulers of Spain 41 Abdul Aziz bin M
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Rulers of Spain 43 their capital wa
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Rulers of Spain 45 people became an
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Rulers of Spain 47 Uthman assassina
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Rulers of Spain 49 Utbah bin HajjaJ
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Rulers of Spain 51 Straits. Even th
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Rulers of Spain 53 Political Mistak
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Rulers of Spain 55 the French terri
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Rulers of Spain 57 Finally, Ibn Hat
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Rulers of Spain 59 eluded the Musli
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Chapter 4 The Spainish Caliphs Abdu
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The Spainish Caliphs 63 discovered
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The Spainish Caliphs 65 Rebellions
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The Spainish Caliphs 67 grandeur he
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The Spainish Caliphs 69 Rebels anni
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The Spainish Caliphs 71 powerful at
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The Spainish Caliphs 73 revolt repe
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The Spainish Caliphs 75 plains. Dur
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The Spainish Caliphs 77 all over hi
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The Spairtish Caliphs 79 to assess
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The Spainish Caliphs 81 Battle Ghal
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The Spain ish Caliphs 83 that the o
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The Spainish Caliphs 85 Madinah at
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The Spanish Caliphs 87 Governor of
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The Spainish Caliphs 89 friendship
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The Spainish Caliphs 91 Spain slipp
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The Spainish Caliphs 93 about them.
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The Spainish Caliphs 95 violent and
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The Spainish Caliphs 97 Disasters o
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The Spainish Caliphs 99 died before
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The Spainish Caliphs 101 with the r
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The Spainish Caliphs 103 Cordova. H
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The Spairtish Caliphs 105 movement
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The Spain ish Caliphs 107 Christian
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The Spainish Caliphs 109 was wheat-
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The Spainish Caliphs 111 people of
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The Spainish Caliphs 113 captured H
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The Spainish Caliphs 115 bounds of
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The Spainish Caliphs 117 The first
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The Spainish Caliphs 119 Condition
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The Spainish Caliphs 121 Children S
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124 The History of Islam Following
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i26 The History of Islam other chie
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128 The History of Islam The number
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130 The History of Abdur Rahman on
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132 The History of Islam Three Peti
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134 The History of lsiam (Qasr al-K
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136 The History of Islam fifty year
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138 The History of Islam the city c
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140 The History of Islam leaders fe
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142 The History of Islam Having hea
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144 The History of Islam A r-Rashid
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146 The History of Islam 349 A.H. a
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148 The History ofIslam 2. Queen Sa
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150 The History of Islam Sabah, the
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152 The History of Islam Assessment
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154 The History of Islam friends of
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. The History of Islam Berbers were
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158 The History of Islam End of His
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Bani Hamud's Chapter 6 (Hammudid's)
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Batti Hamud's (Hammudid's) Rule 163
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succeeded Bant Hamud's (Hammudid' s
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Chapter 7 State of Anarchy Banu Abb
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State ofAnarchy 169 Mu'tamid bin Mu
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State of Anarchy 171 peace between
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State ofAnarchy 173 Abu Umar was ki
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Chapter 8 Christian Brutality in Sp
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uction Brutality in Spain X 177 ain
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Christian Brutality in Spain 179 te
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Christian Brutality in Spain 181 bi
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Chapter 9 Almohads (AI-Mowahad) Rul
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad) Rule in Spain
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad ) Rule in Spai
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194 The History of Islam Muhammad b
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Chapter 1 Granada Ibn Al-Ahmar Nasr
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Granada 199 were angry with the Min
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Granada 201 Waleed then hid one tho
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Granada 203 Khatib to Abu Salim bin
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Granada 205 Sultan Yuiuf HI Immedia
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Granada 207 pay annual tribute to t
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esumed Granada 209 Sultan Ibn Ismai
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Granada 211 the inexperienced Musli
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Granada 213 advances of the Christi
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Granada 215 End of Islamic Rule In
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Granada 217 13. After sixty days fr
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Granada 219 network of roads and ca
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Chapter 12 Morocco and North Africa
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Morocco and North Africa 223 child
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Morocco and North Africa 225 the mo
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Morocco and North Africa 227 Battle
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Morocco and North Africa . 229 woul
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Morocco arid North Africa 231 the o
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Morocco and North Africa 233 Abul G
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Morocco and North Africa 235 End of
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238 The History of Islam with the I
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240 The History of Islam Ubaidullah
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242 The History of Islam insurgence
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244 The History of Islam had played
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246 The History of Islam from the s
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248 The History of Islam Ghalib had
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250 The History of Islam he refuse
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252 The History of Islam out to fig
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254 The History of Islam already be
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256 The History of Islam number of
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' Mm 258 The History of Islam Hasan
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5 and . 260 The History of Islam Mu
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262 The History of Islam Death of H
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264 The History of Islam the throne
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266 The History of Islam Consequenc
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268 The History of Islam Salahuddin
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Chapter 1 Qaramatians of Bahrain Ya
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Qaramatians of Bahrain ___ 273 The
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Qaramatians of Bahrain 275 Abu Mans
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and aligned with their historical e
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Se 280 The History of Islam and pat
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282 The History of Islam The Govern
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284 The History of Islam Those Assa
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286 The History of Islam have also
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288 The History of islam asked them
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290 The History of Islam Removal Of
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292 The History of Islam Interpreta
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294 The History of Islam treaty, Ta
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298 The History of Islam to Bukhara
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300 The History of lslam Ghazni and
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302 The History of Islam were Jar a
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304 The History of Islam Death Of G
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^ The History of Islam and to becom
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308 The History of Islam returned t
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310 The History of Islam and attack
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312 The History of Islam virtue of
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314 The History of Islam wearing co
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316 The History of Islam Gaykhatu K
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318 The History of Islam Syria once
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Page 327 and 328: 336 The History of Islam had divide
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Page 331 and 332: 340 The History of Islam Seljuk Dyn
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Page 337 and 338: 346 The History of Islam Alauddin G
Page 339 and 340: 348 The History of Islam Following
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Page 343 and 344: Chapter 1 Brief Supplement Of The I
Page 345 and 346: Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
Page 347 and 348: Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
Page 349 and 350: ' Brief Supplement Of The Islamic H
Page 351 and 352: Chapter 19 Ottoman Dynasty We have
Page 353 and 354: Ottoman Dynasty 363 out and the Mon
Page 355 and 356: Ottoman Dynasty 365 intrigues of hi
Page 357 and 358: Ottoman Dynasty 367 sword and girdl
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Page 375 and 376: 386 preparations against commanders
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Page 385 and 386: 396 The History of Islam During the
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Page 395 and 396: 406 The History of Islam In the wak
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Page 399 and 400: 410 The History of Islam In 852 A.H
Page 401 and 402: 412 The History of Islam First of a
Page 403 and 404: 414 The History of Islam cracks app
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Page 407 and 408: 418 The History of Islam emissary m
Page 409 and 410: 420 The History of Islam his force
Page 411 and 412: 422 The History of Islam Iran and A
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^ 424 The History of Islam acceded
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426 The History of Islam conquest.
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428 The History of Islam the Madras
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Chapter 2 Civil Wars after Sultan t
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gvil Wars after Sultan the Conquero
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conquer
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civ il Wars after Sultan the Conque
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conq ue
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the Civil Wars after Sultan the Con
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History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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