History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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Ottoman Empire 375 Umar Pasha back from helping the insurgents by giving him a substantial payment. Thereupon Umar Pasha returned to his province. However, Caesar's grandson went out of control, deposed Caesar and captured the throne. Following his death in 742 A.H. John Palaeologus ascended the throne of Constantinople. But, the late Caesar's grandson deposed Palaeologus and occupied the throne in 748 A.H. and ruled until 794 A.H. Two more Caesars replaced him until 857 A H. after which the Turks occupied Constantinople. Soon after ascending the throne of Constantinople Caesar Cantacuzenus conceded Sultan Orkhan to be the ruler of Asia Minor and made all out efforts to establish good relations with the Sultan. Thus, Caesar sent word to Orkhan that he wanted to give his exquisitely beautiful daughter to him in marriage. Caesar knew that Orkhan was then 60 and his daughter in religion. was quite young. He was not unaware of the difference Orkhan accepted the offer and married Theodora, the daughter of Caesar. Thus, Caesar bought peace to strengthen his position militarily. But, eight years after this event, something strange took place. Venice and Genoa, the two strong naval powers clashed over coastal areas and ports. Since Genoa and the Caesar of Constantinople had serious territorial disputes both powers were hostile to each other therefore, Caesar wished success for Venice. Orkhan Gazi, on the other hand, hated Venice for its hostile activities on the southern coast of Asia Minor and Venice looked down upon Orkhan's Empire. Thus, Orkhan was felt compelled to lend his support to Genoa. At last, Genoa and Venice the two entered into armed conflict near the Bosphorus Straits. of the nearby coastal province. One night Sulaiman Orkhan took Orkhan's son, Sulaimarl Orkhan was the Governor only forty men and landed on the European coast from a Genoese boat and conquered the fort at Gallipoli (Turkish: Gelibolu, historical: Callipolis) on the coast, which was a source of strength for Venice. Following this several thousand Turks joined their victorious prince at the fort. Genoa felt happy and encouraged at this new victory while the allies of Constantinople were greatly disappointed after this development. He was about to write to Orkhan to direct his son to vacate his occupation of the fort when Caesar himself faced a revolt by his other son-in-law. When Caesar
376 The History of Islam found his capital under threat, he sought immediate help from Orkhan. Sultan Orkhan wrote to his son, Sulaiman to leave the fort in return for a substantial amount of money. Sulaiman was on the verge of acting upon the order of his father when a violent earthquake erupted and the city wall of Gallipoli fell to the ground creating greater terror and panic among the citizens. Assuming it a support from destiny the two commanders Azdi Beg and Ghazi Fazil, accompanying Sulaiman crossed the broken city-wall and captured Gallipoli. Immediately after the seizure Sulaiman, had the walls repaired and deployed a strong Turkish detachment there. Caesar lodged a complaint with Orkhan against the occupation of Gallipoli Fort. Orkhan wrote back that his son with sword did not conquer Gallipoli. place by an accident of However, he would write to him to The possession of the city took the city wall falling because of the earthquake. vacate the occupation. But, since Caesar was constantly in need of military help from Sultan Orkhan and was himself involved in family feuds, he did not put further pressure for the return of Gallipoli and Sulaiman continued the occupation. The occupation of Gallipoli was very necessary to Sulaiman because it kept safe the western coast of Asia Minor from being usurped by Venice. Two years after this event, Sulaiman suffered a fall from his horse and died in 759 A.H. while hunting a falcon. Sulaiman was a very promising, brave and wise young leader. Orkhan felt terribly shocked at his tragic death. Had he lived he would have succeeded his father Orkhan. It was, in fact, a severe blow for a father like him who succumbed to his frustration in 761 A.H. at the age of 75 years, after reigning marvelously for 38 years. Orkhan put his father's will and policy into practice with courage and caution and extended his borders up to the European coasts. Orkhan was wholly and solely interested in European campaigns. The reason he buried his son at the Danube pass instead of Bursa was that he didn’t want the Turks to ever think of deserting the European coasts. Murad I In the wake of his elder son, Sulaiman's death Orkhan declared his younger son, Murad as the crown prince. Following the death of
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The History of ISLAM 5V Volume Thre
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • &jh*t** £*
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In the Name of Allah the Most Benef
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6 The History of Islam In this seco
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8 The History of Islam The First St
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10 The History of Islam Chapter »
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— The History of Islam Accession
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14 The History of Islam Musta'in Bi
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16 King Muhammad Sultan Yusuf Sulta
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18 The History of Islam Death of Az
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20 The History of Islam Cowardice O
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22 The History of Islam The Battle
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24 The History of Islam Two big riv
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26 The History of Islam effects on
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28 The History of Islam to Ceuta, i
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Chapter 2 Islamic Rule In Spain The
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Islamic Rule In Spain 33 Tariq bin
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Islamic Rule In Spain 35 Musa bin N
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iciamicRule In Spain considered as
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Chapter 3 Rulers of Spain Abdul Azi
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Rulers of Spain 41 Abdul Aziz bin M
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Rulers of Spain 43 their capital wa
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Rulers of Spain 45 people became an
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Rulers of Spain 47 Uthman assassina
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Rulers of Spain 49 Utbah bin HajjaJ
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Rulers of Spain 51 Straits. Even th
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Rulers of Spain 53 Political Mistak
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Rulers of Spain 55 the French terri
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Rulers of Spain 57 Finally, Ibn Hat
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Rulers of Spain 59 eluded the Musli
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Chapter 4 The Spainish Caliphs Abdu
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The Spainish Caliphs 63 discovered
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The Spainish Caliphs 65 Rebellions
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The Spainish Caliphs 67 grandeur he
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The Spainish Caliphs 69 Rebels anni
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The Spainish Caliphs 71 powerful at
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The Spainish Caliphs 73 revolt repe
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The Spainish Caliphs 75 plains. Dur
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The Spainish Caliphs 77 all over hi
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The Spairtish Caliphs 79 to assess
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The Spainish Caliphs 81 Battle Ghal
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The Spain ish Caliphs 83 that the o
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The Spainish Caliphs 85 Madinah at
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The Spanish Caliphs 87 Governor of
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The Spainish Caliphs 89 friendship
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The Spainish Caliphs 91 Spain slipp
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The Spainish Caliphs 93 about them.
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The Spainish Caliphs 95 violent and
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The Spainish Caliphs 97 Disasters o
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The Spainish Caliphs 99 died before
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The Spainish Caliphs 101 with the r
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The Spainish Caliphs 103 Cordova. H
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The Spairtish Caliphs 105 movement
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The Spain ish Caliphs 107 Christian
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The Spainish Caliphs 109 was wheat-
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The Spainish Caliphs 111 people of
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The Spainish Caliphs 113 captured H
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The Spainish Caliphs 115 bounds of
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The Spainish Caliphs 117 The first
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The Spainish Caliphs 119 Condition
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The Spainish Caliphs 121 Children S
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124 The History of Islam Following
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i26 The History of Islam other chie
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128 The History of Islam The number
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130 The History of Abdur Rahman on
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132 The History of Islam Three Peti
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134 The History of lsiam (Qasr al-K
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136 The History of Islam fifty year
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138 The History of Islam the city c
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140 The History of Islam leaders fe
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142 The History of Islam Having hea
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144 The History of Islam A r-Rashid
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146 The History of Islam 349 A.H. a
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148 The History ofIslam 2. Queen Sa
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150 The History of Islam Sabah, the
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152 The History of Islam Assessment
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154 The History of Islam friends of
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. The History of Islam Berbers were
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158 The History of Islam End of His
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Bani Hamud's Chapter 6 (Hammudid's)
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Batti Hamud's (Hammudid's) Rule 163
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succeeded Bant Hamud's (Hammudid' s
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Chapter 7 State of Anarchy Banu Abb
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State ofAnarchy 169 Mu'tamid bin Mu
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State of Anarchy 171 peace between
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State ofAnarchy 173 Abu Umar was ki
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Chapter 8 Christian Brutality in Sp
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uction Brutality in Spain X 177 ain
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Christian Brutality in Spain 179 te
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Christian Brutality in Spain 181 bi
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Chapter 9 Almohads (AI-Mowahad) Rul
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad) Rule in Spain
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad ) Rule in Spai
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194 The History of Islam Muhammad b
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Chapter 1 Granada Ibn Al-Ahmar Nasr
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Granada 199 were angry with the Min
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Granada 201 Waleed then hid one tho
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Granada 203 Khatib to Abu Salim bin
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Granada 205 Sultan Yuiuf HI Immedia
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Granada 207 pay annual tribute to t
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esumed Granada 209 Sultan Ibn Ismai
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Granada 211 the inexperienced Musli
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Granada 213 advances of the Christi
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Granada 215 End of Islamic Rule In
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Granada 217 13. After sixty days fr
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Granada 219 network of roads and ca
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Chapter 12 Morocco and North Africa
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Morocco and North Africa 223 child
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Morocco and North Africa 225 the mo
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Morocco and North Africa 227 Battle
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Morocco and North Africa . 229 woul
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Morocco arid North Africa 231 the o
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Morocco and North Africa 233 Abul G
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Morocco and North Africa 235 End of
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238 The History of Islam with the I
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240 The History of Islam Ubaidullah
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242 The History of Islam insurgence
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244 The History of Islam had played
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246 The History of Islam from the s
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248 The History of Islam Ghalib had
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250 The History of Islam he refuse
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252 The History of Islam out to fig
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254 The History of Islam already be
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256 The History of Islam number of
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' Mm 258 The History of Islam Hasan
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5 and . 260 The History of Islam Mu
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262 The History of Islam Death of H
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264 The History of Islam the throne
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266 The History of Islam Consequenc
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268 The History of Islam Salahuddin
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Chapter 1 Qaramatians of Bahrain Ya
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Qaramatians of Bahrain ___ 273 The
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Qaramatians of Bahrain 275 Abu Mans
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and aligned with their historical e
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Se 280 The History of Islam and pat
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282 The History of Islam The Govern
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284 The History of Islam Those Assa
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286 The History of Islam have also
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288 The History of islam asked them
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290 The History of Islam Removal Of
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292 The History of Islam Interpreta
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294 The History of Islam treaty, Ta
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298 The History of Islam to Bukhara
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300 The History of lslam Ghazni and
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302 The History of Islam were Jar a
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304 The History of Islam Death Of G
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^ The History of Islam and to becom
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308 The History of Islam returned t
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310 The History of Islam and attack
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312 The History of Islam virtue of
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314 The History of Islam wearing co
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316 The History of Islam Gaykhatu K
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318 The History of Islam Syria once
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320 The History of Islam Assassinat
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Page 319 and 320: 328 The History of Islam earlier co
Page 321 and 322: 330 The History of Islam luxury and
Page 323 and 324: 332 The History of Islam subduing A
Page 325 and 326: ^owever 334 The History of Islam Al
Page 327 and 328: 336 The History of Islam had divide
Page 329 and 330: He 338 The History of Islam In the
Page 331 and 332: 340 The History of Islam Seljuk Dyn
Page 333 and 334: 342 The History of Islam Romans (pr
Page 335 and 336: 344 The History of Islam with each
Page 337 and 338: 346 The History of Islam Alauddin G
Page 339 and 340: 348 The History of Islam Following
Page 341 and 342: 350 The History of Islam post. He t
Page 343 and 344: Chapter 1 Brief Supplement Of The I
Page 345 and 346: Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
Page 347 and 348: Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
Page 349 and 350: ' Brief Supplement Of The Islamic H
Page 351 and 352: Chapter 19 Ottoman Dynasty We have
Page 353 and 354: Ottoman Dynasty 363 out and the Mon
Page 355 and 356: Ottoman Dynasty 365 intrigues of hi
Page 357 and 358: Ottoman Dynasty 367 sword and girdl
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Page 361 and 362: 372 The History of Islam fully awar
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Page 367 and 368: 378 The History of Islam was making
Page 369 and 370: 380 The History of Islam battlefiel
Page 371 and 372: 382 The History of Islam unable to
Page 373 and 374: 384 The History of Islam (northwest
Page 375 and 376: 386 preparations against commanders
Page 377 and 378: 388 The History of Islam Being sati
Page 379 and 380: 390 The History of Islam freshness
Page 381 and 382: 392 The History of Islam superior n
Page 383 and 384: 394 The Histon/ of Islam an iron ca
Page 385 and 386: 396 The History of Islam During the
Page 387 and 388: 398 The History of Islam Sultan Muh
Page 389 and 390: Ill The History of Islam Constantin
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Page 393 and 394: The 404 • History of Islam and th
Page 395 and 396: 406 The History of Islam In the wak
Page 397 and 398: 408 The History of Islam grown very
Page 399 and 400: 410 The History of Islam In 852 A.H
Page 401 and 402: 412 The History of Islam First of a
Page 403 and 404: 414 The History of Islam cracks app
Page 405 and 406: 416 The History of Islam kept pushi
Page 407 and 408: 418 The History of Islam emissary m
Page 409 and 410: 420 The History of Islam his force
Page 411 and 412: 422 The History of Islam Iran and A
Page 413 and 414: ^ 424 The History of Islam acceded
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426 The History of Islam conquest.
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428 The History of Islam the Madras
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Chapter 2 Civil Wars after Sultan t
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gvil Wars after Sultan the Conquero
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conquer
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civ il Wars after Sultan the Conque
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conq ue
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the Civil Wars after Sultan the Con
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History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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