History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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Abdur Rahman III 157 Cordova with the help of some Christian troops. After a bloody battle, Musta'in was defeated while Mahdi entered Cordova victoriously and regained his throne. The Christian forces, which had been with Musta'in, joined the camp of Mahdi. This battle took a heavy toll on the Muslims. Musta'in left Cordova and stormed through the rest of the country. The Christian troops on the other hand let loose a reign of terror against the Muslims of Cordova, while Mahdi fell into a life of pleasure and luxury. Thus Spain, which had been enjoying peace and order, became a center of looting, arson and anarchy. Deposition of Mahdi Wadah Aamiri was an ally of Mahdi but when he noticed the country was in jeopardy he indulged in extensive consultation with the influential persons of Cordova about the deposition of Mahdi and the restoration of the throne to Caliph Hisham II. They had Mahdi assassinated by a slave in the open court and Hisham U was taken out of prison and put on the throne once again. Peace with the Christian King Wadah Aamiri, the freed slave of Mansur bin Abi Aamiri, became the Prime Minister. Wadah sent the head of Mahdi to Musta'in and wrote to him that CaUph Hisham had come to the throne once again and it was proper for him to offer his allegiance to the Caliph. But Musta'in rejected the message with contempt and Musta'in invaded Cordova with the help of the Christian king Alfonso. Cordova was surrounded after the adjoining areas were ravaged. Being fed up with the long siege and in order to bring about a separation between the Christian king and Musta'in, Hisham II gave away two hundred citadels and a few big dries adjoining the Christian kingdom. He signed a peace treaty with the Christian king who broke his relations with Musta'in. But Musta'in continued the siege with the result that the stress of the trial of strength began to show on both sides. Sometimes the citizens of Cordova would drive away the Berbers and at times, the Berbers would make progress into the city. The Christian powers took advantage of this disturbing situation and took away a number of States from Cordova.
158 The History of Islam End of Hisham At last Musta'in occupied Cordova in Shawal in 403 A.H. Hisham II was either killed or had disappeared without leaving any trace behind. Wadah Aamiri had already been killed a few days prior. Musta'in thus came to the throne of Cordova. Musta'in Billah Musta'in was now the Caliph of Cordova. But various provinces had become independent of the central rule of Cordova. Ibn Ubad began to rule in Seville, Ibn Aftas in Badajoz, Ibn Abi Aamir in Valencia and Murcia, Ibn Hud in Saragossa and Mujahid Aamiri in Denia and Alzira. The northern Christian states took full advantage of the turbulent situation. Every Christian State annexed the territories adjoining it. The era of anarchy took hold of the Islamic caliphate, which was tom into pieces. Assassination of Musta'in Musta'in ruled Cordova and its suburbs till Muharram, 407 A.H. and after ruling nominally for a period of three years and a few months Musta'in was arrested and killed shortly after being defeated on a battleground adjoining Seville. This led to the end of the Umayyad rule. End of the Umayyad Rule Although the rule of the Umayyad dynasty had come to an end in 407 A.H. with the assassination of Musta'in some of the Umayyads tried to regain power and in some cases gained nominal success, by 408 A.H. the end was complete. Ali bin Humud came to the throne in 407 A.H. after killing Musta'in. He and his brother ruled Cordova until 413 A.H. Ibn Jumud's rule ended in 413 A.H. and Abdur Rahman bin Hisham bin Abdul Jabbar, the brother of Mahdi came to the throne in Ramadan 414 A.H. with the support of the people of Cordova. He adopted the title of "Mustahzhir". Within two months Muhammad bin Abdur Rahman bin Ubaidullah bin Abdur Rahman won the throne of Cordova and began to rule with "Mustakfi" as his title.
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The History of ISLAM 5V Volume Thre
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • &jh*t** £*
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In the Name of Allah the Most Benef
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6 The History of Islam In this seco
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8 The History of Islam The First St
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10 The History of Islam Chapter »
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— The History of Islam Accession
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14 The History of Islam Musta'in Bi
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16 King Muhammad Sultan Yusuf Sulta
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18 The History of Islam Death of Az
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20 The History of Islam Cowardice O
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22 The History of Islam The Battle
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24 The History of Islam Two big riv
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26 The History of Islam effects on
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28 The History of Islam to Ceuta, i
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Chapter 2 Islamic Rule In Spain The
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Islamic Rule In Spain 33 Tariq bin
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Islamic Rule In Spain 35 Musa bin N
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iciamicRule In Spain considered as
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Chapter 3 Rulers of Spain Abdul Azi
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Rulers of Spain 41 Abdul Aziz bin M
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Rulers of Spain 43 their capital wa
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Rulers of Spain 45 people became an
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Rulers of Spain 47 Uthman assassina
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Rulers of Spain 49 Utbah bin HajjaJ
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Rulers of Spain 51 Straits. Even th
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Rulers of Spain 53 Political Mistak
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Rulers of Spain 55 the French terri
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Rulers of Spain 57 Finally, Ibn Hat
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Rulers of Spain 59 eluded the Musli
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Chapter 4 The Spainish Caliphs Abdu
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The Spainish Caliphs 63 discovered
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The Spainish Caliphs 65 Rebellions
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The Spainish Caliphs 67 grandeur he
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The Spainish Caliphs 69 Rebels anni
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The Spainish Caliphs 71 powerful at
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The Spainish Caliphs 73 revolt repe
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The Spainish Caliphs 75 plains. Dur
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The Spainish Caliphs 77 all over hi
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The Spairtish Caliphs 79 to assess
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The Spainish Caliphs 81 Battle Ghal
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The Spain ish Caliphs 83 that the o
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The Spainish Caliphs 85 Madinah at
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The Spanish Caliphs 87 Governor of
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The Spainish Caliphs 89 friendship
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The Spainish Caliphs 91 Spain slipp
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The Spainish Caliphs 93 about them.
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The Spainish Caliphs 95 violent and
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The Spainish Caliphs 97 Disasters o
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The Spainish Caliphs 99 died before
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The Spainish Caliphs 101 with the r
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The Spainish Caliphs 103 Cordova. H
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Page 167 and 168: State ofAnarchy 169 Mu'tamid bin Mu
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Page 191 and 192: 194 The History of Islam Muhammad b
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Granada 211 the inexperienced Musli
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Granada 213 advances of the Christi
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Granada 215 End of Islamic Rule In
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Granada 217 13. After sixty days fr
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Granada 219 network of roads and ca
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Chapter 12 Morocco and North Africa
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Morocco and North Africa 223 child
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Morocco and North Africa 225 the mo
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Morocco and North Africa 227 Battle
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Morocco and North Africa . 229 woul
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Morocco arid North Africa 231 the o
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Morocco and North Africa 233 Abul G
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Morocco and North Africa 235 End of
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238 The History of Islam with the I
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240 The History of Islam Ubaidullah
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242 The History of Islam insurgence
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244 The History of Islam had played
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246 The History of Islam from the s
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248 The History of Islam Ghalib had
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250 The History of Islam he refuse
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252 The History of Islam out to fig
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254 The History of Islam already be
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256 The History of Islam number of
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' Mm 258 The History of Islam Hasan
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5 and . 260 The History of Islam Mu
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262 The History of Islam Death of H
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264 The History of Islam the throne
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266 The History of Islam Consequenc
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268 The History of Islam Salahuddin
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Chapter 1 Qaramatians of Bahrain Ya
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Qaramatians of Bahrain ___ 273 The
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Qaramatians of Bahrain 275 Abu Mans
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and aligned with their historical e
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Se 280 The History of Islam and pat
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282 The History of Islam The Govern
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284 The History of Islam Those Assa
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286 The History of Islam have also
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288 The History of islam asked them
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290 The History of Islam Removal Of
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292 The History of Islam Interpreta
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294 The History of Islam treaty, Ta
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298 The History of Islam to Bukhara
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300 The History of lslam Ghazni and
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302 The History of Islam were Jar a
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304 The History of Islam Death Of G
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^ The History of Islam and to becom
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308 The History of Islam returned t
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310 The History of Islam and attack
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312 The History of Islam virtue of
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314 The History of Islam wearing co
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316 The History of Islam Gaykhatu K
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318 The History of Islam Syria once
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320 The History of Islam Assassinat
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322 The History of Islam take on th
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324 The History of Islam Khan. Thus
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326 The History of Islam through th
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328 The History of Islam earlier co
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330 The History of Islam luxury and
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332 The History of Islam subduing A
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^owever 334 The History of Islam Al
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336 The History of Islam had divide
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He 338 The History of Islam In the
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340 The History of Islam Seljuk Dyn
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342 The History of Islam Romans (pr
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344 The History of Islam with each
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346 The History of Islam Alauddin G
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348 The History of Islam Following
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350 The History of Islam post. He t
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Chapter 1 Brief Supplement Of The I
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Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
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Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
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' Brief Supplement Of The Islamic H
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Chapter 19 Ottoman Dynasty We have
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Ottoman Dynasty 363 out and the Mon
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Ottoman Dynasty 365 intrigues of hi
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Ottoman Dynasty 367 sword and girdl
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370 The History of Islam counted am
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372 The History of Islam fully awar
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374 The History of Islam them into
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376 The History of Islam found his
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378 The History of Islam was making
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380 The History of Islam battlefiel
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382 The History of Islam unable to
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384 The History of Islam (northwest
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386 preparations against commanders
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388 The History of Islam Being sati
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390 The History of Islam freshness
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392 The History of Islam superior n
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394 The Histon/ of Islam an iron ca
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396 The History of Islam During the
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398 The History of Islam Sultan Muh
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Ill The History of Islam Constantin
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402 The History of Islam all such t
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The 404 • History of Islam and th
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406 The History of Islam In the wak
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408 The History of Islam grown very
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410 The History of Islam In 852 A.H
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412 The History of Islam First of a
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414 The History of Islam cracks app
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416 The History of Islam kept pushi
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418 The History of Islam emissary m
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420 The History of Islam his force
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422 The History of Islam Iran and A
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^ 424 The History of Islam acceded
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426 The History of Islam conquest.
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428 The History of Islam the Madras
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Chapter 2 Civil Wars after Sultan t
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gvil Wars after Sultan the Conquero
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conquer
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civ il Wars after Sultan the Conque
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conq ue
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the Civil Wars after Sultan the Con
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History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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