History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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Ottoman Empire 399 Muhammad believed in internal strength and consolidation of Sultan power instead of expansion of territories. After winning peace, he paid his attention to the public welfare. He set up madrasas (schools) and extended honor to religious scholars. He brought peace and safety to the routes and thoroughfares and set trading activities in motion. Thus, his actions and activities brought him admiration both of friends and foes. But, despite all this, his rule was also overtaken by strife of the worst nature. The man responsible for these disturbances was Qadi Badruddin. It is said that a new-Muslim Jew turned apostate launched a movement that the Sultan be deposed and democracy adopted. The movement got the support of Qadi Badruddin. They Jointly put an uneducated man named, Mustafa as their religious leader and launched their thoughts all over Asia and Europe. Thus, the movement gathered momentum and caused anxiety to Muhammad. It gained popularity among the Muslim masses particularly because they disliked their ruler's friendship and amity with the Christian powers. However, they didn't have the slightest idea that for the stability of Ottoman dynasty, a policy of peaceful relations with the Christian powers was the need of the hour, with the result, they were easily carried away by the ideas of revolt from the elements antagonistic to Ottoman rule. However, Muhammad stood against the poisonous campaign and put an end to it in a short time and all the three protagonists of democracy had to pay the price with their lives. Shortly after that, Muhammad had to face another trouble. Mustafa, a son of Bayazid was killed in the battle of Ankara. But his body remained traceless. Even the search party sent by Timur returned without success. Thus, the killing of Mus,a h> b«ame Now, during the tenure of Sultan Muhammad m 824 ATT a doubtful. man staked his claim in Asia Minor to the Ottoman throneêrtrng that he was Mustafa, the son of Bayazid Yaldaram. S,nee he happened to resemble Mustafa, many Turks recognized his c aim. ^ were no. happy w.th MuhammadÂ.ded^, ^ said Mustafa came to Gallipoli and p fled to Muhammad rushed to the troubled spot and Mustafa
Ill The History of Islam Constantinople after being thoroughly beaten. Muhammad wrote to the king of Constantinople to send back Mustafa, the rebel. But Caesar refused to do so but promised to keep him safe in custody provided he keep sending him an amount to be spent on his maintenance. Since Muhammad was worried about insurgence here and there and didn't want to add to his trouble by coming into conflict with Christian powers, he accepted the demand and without showing any dissatisfaction, he moved ahead with his plans to establish better relations with Caesar and worked out a personal visit to Constantinople. Caesar also greeted him warmly and honorably. They together renewed the old agreement of peace and friendship. Following this, Muhammad left for Gallipoli where he passed away in 825 A.H. A Review of Muhammad's Reign Muhammad was 27 at the time of the Battle of Ankara. After the battle, he became the sovereign ruler of Amisiah, a town in Asia Minor and came into clashes with his brothers. In the wake of fighting with his brothers for eleven long years, he overpowered all others and ascended to the Ottoman throne. His 8-years tenure was beset with strife and disruptions. His soft policy and wise steps saved a dying Empire- Because of this some historians have called him the Noah of the Ottoman Dynasty. " Sultan Muhammad I was the first Ottoman king who fixed an annual grant for the maintenance of the House of Allah, the Ka'bah and for the poor and the needy Makkans. This sacred service of his attracted from the Abbasid Caliph, Mu'tazid Billah the enviable title of the custodian of the Sanctuaries of Makkah and Madinah. This title rose to such a height with the passage of time that the Ottoman rulers came to be called the Caliphs of the Muslims. Sultan Muhammad died when he was 47. His son, Murad II, who was then 18, was proving his worth as the commander of the Ottoman Army in Asia Minor. The Ottoman ministers concealed the death of the Sultan Muhammad for 40 days and during this period, they sent couriers to Murad II to post him with the loss and bring him back to the capital for his coronation as the king of Ottoman Dynasty.
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The History of ISLAM 5V Volume Thre
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • &jh*t** £*
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In the Name of Allah the Most Benef
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6 The History of Islam In this seco
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8 The History of Islam The First St
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10 The History of Islam Chapter »
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— The History of Islam Accession
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14 The History of Islam Musta'in Bi
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16 King Muhammad Sultan Yusuf Sulta
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18 The History of Islam Death of Az
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20 The History of Islam Cowardice O
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22 The History of Islam The Battle
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24 The History of Islam Two big riv
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26 The History of Islam effects on
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28 The History of Islam to Ceuta, i
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Chapter 2 Islamic Rule In Spain The
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Islamic Rule In Spain 33 Tariq bin
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Islamic Rule In Spain 35 Musa bin N
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iciamicRule In Spain considered as
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Chapter 3 Rulers of Spain Abdul Azi
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Rulers of Spain 41 Abdul Aziz bin M
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Rulers of Spain 43 their capital wa
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Rulers of Spain 45 people became an
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Rulers of Spain 47 Uthman assassina
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Rulers of Spain 49 Utbah bin HajjaJ
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Rulers of Spain 51 Straits. Even th
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Rulers of Spain 53 Political Mistak
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Rulers of Spain 55 the French terri
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Rulers of Spain 57 Finally, Ibn Hat
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Rulers of Spain 59 eluded the Musli
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Chapter 4 The Spainish Caliphs Abdu
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The Spainish Caliphs 63 discovered
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The Spainish Caliphs 65 Rebellions
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The Spainish Caliphs 67 grandeur he
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The Spainish Caliphs 69 Rebels anni
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The Spainish Caliphs 71 powerful at
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The Spainish Caliphs 73 revolt repe
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The Spainish Caliphs 75 plains. Dur
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The Spainish Caliphs 77 all over hi
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The Spairtish Caliphs 79 to assess
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The Spainish Caliphs 81 Battle Ghal
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The Spain ish Caliphs 83 that the o
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The Spainish Caliphs 85 Madinah at
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The Spanish Caliphs 87 Governor of
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The Spainish Caliphs 89 friendship
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The Spainish Caliphs 91 Spain slipp
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The Spainish Caliphs 93 about them.
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The Spainish Caliphs 95 violent and
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The Spainish Caliphs 97 Disasters o
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The Spainish Caliphs 99 died before
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The Spainish Caliphs 101 with the r
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The Spainish Caliphs 103 Cordova. H
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The Spairtish Caliphs 105 movement
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The Spain ish Caliphs 107 Christian
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The Spainish Caliphs 109 was wheat-
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The Spainish Caliphs 111 people of
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The Spainish Caliphs 113 captured H
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The Spainish Caliphs 115 bounds of
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The Spainish Caliphs 117 The first
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The Spainish Caliphs 119 Condition
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The Spainish Caliphs 121 Children S
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124 The History of Islam Following
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i26 The History of Islam other chie
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128 The History of Islam The number
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130 The History of Abdur Rahman on
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132 The History of Islam Three Peti
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134 The History of lsiam (Qasr al-K
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136 The History of Islam fifty year
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138 The History of Islam the city c
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140 The History of Islam leaders fe
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142 The History of Islam Having hea
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144 The History of Islam A r-Rashid
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146 The History of Islam 349 A.H. a
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148 The History ofIslam 2. Queen Sa
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150 The History of Islam Sabah, the
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152 The History of Islam Assessment
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154 The History of Islam friends of
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. The History of Islam Berbers were
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158 The History of Islam End of His
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Bani Hamud's Chapter 6 (Hammudid's)
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Batti Hamud's (Hammudid's) Rule 163
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succeeded Bant Hamud's (Hammudid' s
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Chapter 7 State of Anarchy Banu Abb
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State ofAnarchy 169 Mu'tamid bin Mu
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State of Anarchy 171 peace between
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State ofAnarchy 173 Abu Umar was ki
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Chapter 8 Christian Brutality in Sp
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uction Brutality in Spain X 177 ain
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Christian Brutality in Spain 179 te
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Christian Brutality in Spain 181 bi
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Chapter 9 Almohads (AI-Mowahad) Rul
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad) Rule in Spain
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad ) Rule in Spai
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194 The History of Islam Muhammad b
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Chapter 1 Granada Ibn Al-Ahmar Nasr
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Granada 199 were angry with the Min
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Granada 201 Waleed then hid one tho
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Granada 203 Khatib to Abu Salim bin
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Granada 205 Sultan Yuiuf HI Immedia
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Granada 207 pay annual tribute to t
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esumed Granada 209 Sultan Ibn Ismai
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Granada 211 the inexperienced Musli
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Granada 213 advances of the Christi
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Granada 215 End of Islamic Rule In
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Granada 217 13. After sixty days fr
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Granada 219 network of roads and ca
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Chapter 12 Morocco and North Africa
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Morocco and North Africa 223 child
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Morocco and North Africa 225 the mo
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Morocco and North Africa 227 Battle
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Morocco and North Africa . 229 woul
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Morocco arid North Africa 231 the o
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Morocco and North Africa 233 Abul G
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Morocco and North Africa 235 End of
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238 The History of Islam with the I
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240 The History of Islam Ubaidullah
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242 The History of Islam insurgence
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244 The History of Islam had played
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246 The History of Islam from the s
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248 The History of Islam Ghalib had
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250 The History of Islam he refuse
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252 The History of Islam out to fig
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254 The History of Islam already be
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256 The History of Islam number of
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' Mm 258 The History of Islam Hasan
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5 and . 260 The History of Islam Mu
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262 The History of Islam Death of H
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264 The History of Islam the throne
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266 The History of Islam Consequenc
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268 The History of Islam Salahuddin
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Chapter 1 Qaramatians of Bahrain Ya
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Qaramatians of Bahrain ___ 273 The
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Qaramatians of Bahrain 275 Abu Mans
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and aligned with their historical e
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Se 280 The History of Islam and pat
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282 The History of Islam The Govern
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284 The History of Islam Those Assa
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286 The History of Islam have also
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288 The History of islam asked them
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290 The History of Islam Removal Of
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292 The History of Islam Interpreta
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294 The History of Islam treaty, Ta
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298 The History of Islam to Bukhara
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300 The History of lslam Ghazni and
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302 The History of Islam were Jar a
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304 The History of Islam Death Of G
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^ The History of Islam and to becom
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308 The History of Islam returned t
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310 The History of Islam and attack
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312 The History of Islam virtue of
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314 The History of Islam wearing co
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316 The History of Islam Gaykhatu K
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318 The History of Islam Syria once
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320 The History of Islam Assassinat
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322 The History of Islam take on th
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324 The History of Islam Khan. Thus
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326 The History of Islam through th
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328 The History of Islam earlier co
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330 The History of Islam luxury and
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332 The History of Islam subduing A
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ôwever 334 The History of Islam Al
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336 The History of Islam had divide
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He 338 The History of Islam In the
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340 The History of Islam Seljuk Dyn
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342 The History of Islam Romans (pr
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344 The History of Islam with each
Page 337 and 338: 346 The History of Islam Alauddin G
Page 339 and 340: 348 The History of Islam Following
Page 341 and 342: 350 The History of Islam post. He t
Page 343 and 344: Chapter 1 Brief Supplement Of The I
Page 345 and 346: Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
Page 347 and 348: Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
Page 349 and 350: ' Brief Supplement Of The Islamic H
Page 351 and 352: Chapter 19 Ottoman Dynasty We have
Page 353 and 354: Ottoman Dynasty 363 out and the Mon
Page 355 and 356: Ottoman Dynasty 365 intrigues of hi
Page 357 and 358: Ottoman Dynasty 367 sword and girdl
Page 359 and 360: 370 The History of Islam counted am
Page 361 and 362: 372 The History of Islam fully awar
Page 363 and 364: 374 The History of Islam them into
Page 365 and 366: 376 The History of Islam found his
Page 367 and 368: 378 The History of Islam was making
Page 369 and 370: 380 The History of Islam battlefiel
Page 371 and 372: 382 The History of Islam unable to
Page 373 and 374: 384 The History of Islam (northwest
Page 375 and 376: 386 preparations against commanders
Page 377 and 378: 388 The History of Islam Being sati
Page 379 and 380: 390 The History of Islam freshness
Page 381 and 382: 392 The History of Islam superior n
Page 383 and 384: 394 The Histon/ of Islam an iron ca
Page 385 and 386: 396 The History of Islam During the
Page 387: 398 The History of Islam Sultan Muh
Page 391 and 392: 402 The History of Islam all such t
Page 393 and 394: The 404 • History of Islam and th
Page 395 and 396: 406 The History of Islam In the wak
Page 397 and 398: 408 The History of Islam grown very
Page 399 and 400: 410 The History of Islam In 852 A.H
Page 401 and 402: 412 The History of Islam First of a
Page 403 and 404: 414 The History of Islam cracks app
Page 405 and 406: 416 The History of Islam kept pushi
Page 407 and 408: 418 The History of Islam emissary m
Page 409 and 410: 420 The History of Islam his force
Page 411 and 412: 422 The History of Islam Iran and A
Page 413 and 414: ^ 424 The History of Islam acceded
Page 415 and 416: 426 The History of Islam conquest.
Page 417 and 418: 428 The History of Islam the Madras
Page 419 and 420: Chapter 2 Civil Wars after Sultan t
Page 421 and 422: gvil Wars after Sultan the Conquero
Page 423 and 424: Civil Wars after Sultan the Conquer
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conquer
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conq ue
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the Civil Wars after Sultan the Con
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History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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