History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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Ubaidullah Dynasty in Egypt and Tripoli 243 The Founding of Mahdlya City Since Ubaidullah Mahdi was an Isma'ili Shi'ite and one who claimed to be Imam Mahdi, he was in constant fear of uprisings against him, particularly when the whole North Africa did not accept his claim. He planned to found a new city for his capital. He visited the coastal areas and chose a narrow rocky peninsula on Cape Ifriqiya and laid the foundation of a city. He named it Mahdiya. The city was strengthened with strong fortifications and iron doors. When the work was completed, Ubaidullah Mahdi said laughingly, "I have today, won peace for Bani Fatima. They are now safe". The same year he set up a boat factory, which built nine hundred boats for his fleet in the first year. He then sent his son, Abul Qasim to invade Alexandria in 307 A.H. Abul Qasim conquered Alexandria and captured the Nile Delta. After receiving this news Caliph Muqtadir - of Baghdad sent his slave. Munis, to Egypt. After a number of encounters and trials of strength Munis was victorious. Ubaidullah had sent a fleet of eighty war ships to reinforced Abul Qasim but he had been defeated and forced to flee before the reinforcements arrived. The fleet was unaware of the defeat of Abul Qasim and they continued moving ahead. The fleet met its doom when Munis smashed it, set the boats on fire and killed them all. The next year 308 A.H. Ubaidullah Mahdi sent Mudala bin Habus to invade Morocco. He came into conflict with Yahya bin Idris bin Amr more than once. Finally, Yahya became subordinate to Ubaidullah Mahdi, and Ubaidullah appointed Musa bin Abi al-Afiya Maknasi as the caretaker of the Moroccan provinces. In 309 A.H., other provinces of Morocco were also annexed under the Ubaidite rule. Fez was then under the rule of Yahya. The same year Musa bin Abi al-Afiya lodged a complaint against Yahya and by the order of Ubaidullah Yahya's part of the territory was also annexed to Ubaidite rule. When the Idrisite rule was no longer in effect, some individuals of the dynasty shifted to Rif (Northeastern Morocco) and Ghumarah (Northwestern Morocco) and established their governments there. After dealing with Morocco Mudala invaded Sijilmassa and handed it over to his cousin by killing family members of the Madrar Maknasi tribes, who were antagonistic to the Ubaidites. Mudala Was a great commander who
244 The History of Islam had played a pivotal role in setting up Ubaidullah Mahdi's rule in Morocco. However, his expansionist policy, violence and bloodshed made the Berbers rise up against him. A number of encounters took place and Mudala was finally killed. With his assassination Morocco was overtaken by revolt and it went out of the control of the Ubaidites. Ubaidullah sent his son, Abul Qasim to Morocco in 215 A.H. When Muhammad bin Khazar, the chief of the Zanata tribes realized Abul Qasim was moving towards him he changed his way and turned to the southern deserts. Abul Qasim proceeded towards the west conquering city after city. He besieged Hasan bin Abi al-Atish in jerada city (Northeastern Morocco). The siege dragged on and Abul Qasim had to return without any gains. On the way back, he arrested Banu Karrdan, the ruler of the city of Masila and banished him to Qairwan. He then reconstructed Masila, named it Mohammedia and entrusted it to Ali bin Hamdan along with Zab city. He gave the general rule and vigilance to Musa bin Abi al-Afiya but, very shortly, he rose against Ubaidullah Mahdi and accepted the leadership of the Umayyad dynasty of Spain and the name of the Caliph of Spain formed part of all official addresses all over Morocco. Hearing this Ubaidullah sent Ahmad Maknasi to Morocco at the head of a strong army. After a number of encounters Musa bin Abi al-Afiya moved towards Spain and Ahmad Maknasi went towards Mahdiya after ravaging Morocco. Death of Ubaidullah Ubaidullah Mahdi died in Rabia al-Awwal, 322 A.H. after completing twenty-four years on the throne. He was succeeded by his son Abul Qasim Muhammad Mahdi under the title "Qaim Bi Amrillah". He is also known as Abul Qasim Nazar. Abul Qasim Nazar On coming to the throne he first put down the uprisings that had broken out in the wake of Ubaidullah's demise. He then turned to Morocco. It was again taken over by Musa bin al-Afiya. By 324 A.H., the whole of Morocco except Fez once again came under the rule of Abu) Qasim. Following this Abul Qasim sent a General named Ibn
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The History of ISLAM 5V Volume Thre
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • &jh*t** £*
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In the Name of Allah the Most Benef
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6 The History of Islam In this seco
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8 The History of Islam The First St
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10 The History of Islam Chapter »
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— The History of Islam Accession
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14 The History of Islam Musta'in Bi
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16 King Muhammad Sultan Yusuf Sulta
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18 The History of Islam Death of Az
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20 The History of Islam Cowardice O
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22 The History of Islam The Battle
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24 The History of Islam Two big riv
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26 The History of Islam effects on
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28 The History of Islam to Ceuta, i
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Chapter 2 Islamic Rule In Spain The
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Islamic Rule In Spain 33 Tariq bin
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Islamic Rule In Spain 35 Musa bin N
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iciamicRule In Spain considered as
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Chapter 3 Rulers of Spain Abdul Azi
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Rulers of Spain 41 Abdul Aziz bin M
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Rulers of Spain 43 their capital wa
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Rulers of Spain 45 people became an
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Rulers of Spain 47 Uthman assassina
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Rulers of Spain 49 Utbah bin HajjaJ
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Rulers of Spain 51 Straits. Even th
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Rulers of Spain 53 Political Mistak
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Rulers of Spain 55 the French terri
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Rulers of Spain 57 Finally, Ibn Hat
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Rulers of Spain 59 eluded the Musli
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Chapter 4 The Spainish Caliphs Abdu
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The Spainish Caliphs 63 discovered
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The Spainish Caliphs 65 Rebellions
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The Spainish Caliphs 67 grandeur he
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The Spainish Caliphs 69 Rebels anni
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The Spainish Caliphs 71 powerful at
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The Spainish Caliphs 73 revolt repe
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The Spainish Caliphs 75 plains. Dur
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The Spainish Caliphs 77 all over hi
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The Spairtish Caliphs 79 to assess
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The Spainish Caliphs 81 Battle Ghal
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The Spain ish Caliphs 83 that the o
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The Spainish Caliphs 85 Madinah at
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The Spanish Caliphs 87 Governor of
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The Spainish Caliphs 89 friendship
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The Spainish Caliphs 91 Spain slipp
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The Spainish Caliphs 93 about them.
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The Spainish Caliphs 95 violent and
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The Spainish Caliphs 97 Disasters o
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The Spainish Caliphs 99 died before
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The Spainish Caliphs 101 with the r
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The Spainish Caliphs 103 Cordova. H
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The Spairtish Caliphs 105 movement
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The Spain ish Caliphs 107 Christian
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The Spainish Caliphs 109 was wheat-
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The Spainish Caliphs 111 people of
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The Spainish Caliphs 113 captured H
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The Spainish Caliphs 115 bounds of
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The Spainish Caliphs 117 The first
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The Spainish Caliphs 119 Condition
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The Spainish Caliphs 121 Children S
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124 The History of Islam Following
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i26 The History of Islam other chie
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128 The History of Islam The number
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130 The History of Abdur Rahman on
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132 The History of Islam Three Peti
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134 The History of lsiam (Qasr al-K
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136 The History of Islam fifty year
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138 The History of Islam the city c
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140 The History of Islam leaders fe
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142 The History of Islam Having hea
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144 The History of Islam A r-Rashid
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146 The History of Islam 349 A.H. a
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148 The History ofIslam 2. Queen Sa
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150 The History of Islam Sabah, the
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152 The History of Islam Assessment
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154 The History of Islam friends of
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. The History of Islam Berbers were
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158 The History of Islam End of His
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Bani Hamud's Chapter 6 (Hammudid's)
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Batti Hamud's (Hammudid's) Rule 163
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succeeded Bant Hamud's (Hammudid' s
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Chapter 7 State of Anarchy Banu Abb
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State ofAnarchy 169 Mu'tamid bin Mu
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State of Anarchy 171 peace between
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State ofAnarchy 173 Abu Umar was ki
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Chapter 8 Christian Brutality in Sp
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uction Brutality in Spain X 177 ain
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Christian Brutality in Spain 179 te
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Christian Brutality in Spain 181 bi
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Chapter 9 Almohads (AI-Mowahad) Rul
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad) Rule in Spain
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad) Rule in Spain
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Page 191 and 192: 194 The History of Islam Muhammad b
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Page 197 and 198: Granada 201 Waleed then hid one tho
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Page 217 and 218: Chapter 12 Morocco and North Africa
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Page 229 and 230: Morocco and North Africa 233 Abul G
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Page 235 and 236: 240 The History of Islam Ubaidullah
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Page 243 and 244: 248 The History of Islam Ghalib had
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Page 253 and 254: ' Mm 258 The History of Islam Hasan
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Page 259 and 260: 264 The History of Islam the throne
Page 261 and 262: 266 The History of Islam Consequenc
Page 263 and 264: 268 The History of Islam Salahuddin
Page 265 and 266: Chapter 1 Qaramatians of Bahrain Ya
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298 The History of Islam to Bukhara
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300 The History of lslam Ghazni and
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302 The History of Islam were Jar a
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304 The History of Islam Death Of G
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^ The History of Islam and to becom
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308 The History of Islam returned t
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310 The History of Islam and attack
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312 The History of Islam virtue of
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314 The History of Islam wearing co
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316 The History of Islam Gaykhatu K
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318 The History of Islam Syria once
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320 The History of Islam Assassinat
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324 The History of Islam Khan. Thus
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326 The History of Islam through th
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328 The History of Islam earlier co
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330 The History of Islam luxury and
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332 The History of Islam subduing A
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^owever 334 The History of Islam Al
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336 The History of Islam had divide
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He 338 The History of Islam In the
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340 The History of Islam Seljuk Dyn
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342 The History of Islam Romans (pr
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344 The History of Islam with each
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346 The History of Islam Alauddin G
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348 The History of Islam Following
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350 The History of Islam post. He t
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Chapter 1 Brief Supplement Of The I
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Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
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Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
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' Brief Supplement Of The Islamic H
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Chapter 19 Ottoman Dynasty We have
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Ottoman Dynasty 363 out and the Mon
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Ottoman Dynasty 365 intrigues of hi
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Ottoman Dynasty 367 sword and girdl
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370 The History of Islam counted am
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372 The History of Islam fully awar
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374 The History of Islam them into
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376 The History of Islam found his
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378 The History of Islam was making
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380 The History of Islam battlefiel
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382 The History of Islam unable to
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384 The History of Islam (northwest
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386 preparations against commanders
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388 The History of Islam Being sati
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390 The History of Islam freshness
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392 The History of Islam superior n
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394 The Histon/ of Islam an iron ca
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396 The History of Islam During the
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398 The History of Islam Sultan Muh
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Ill The History of Islam Constantin
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402 The History of Islam all such t
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The 404 • History of Islam and th
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406 The History of Islam In the wak
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408 The History of Islam grown very
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410 The History of Islam In 852 A.H
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412 The History of Islam First of a
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414 The History of Islam cracks app
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416 The History of Islam kept pushi
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418 The History of Islam emissary m
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420 The History of Islam his force
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422 The History of Islam Iran and A
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^ 424 The History of Islam acceded
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426 The History of Islam conquest.
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428 The History of Islam the Madras
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Chapter 2 Civil Wars after Sultan t
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gvil Wars after Sultan the Conquero
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conquer
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civ il Wars after Sultan the Conque
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conq ue
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History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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