History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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230 The History of Islam Harth, the General of Ubaidah bin Abdur Rahman Qaisi, the viceroy of Tripoli launched an attack on Sicily but it failed due to a storm at sea and the sinking of his ships. In 122 A.H., Ubaidullah bin Hijab, the Governor of Africa sent Habib bin Ubaidullah along with his son, Abdur Rahman bin Habib to Sicily. Abdur Rahman bin Habib got off at the coast and started winning victories and made his way into Sicily up to Syracuse, its capital. The ruler of Sicily agreed to hand over the Island to Abdur Rahman bin Habib but the Island was taken out of Islamic rule before long. The ruler of Africa once again made an assault on Sicily in 135 A.H. but the Muslim powers could not look towards Sicily until 212 A.H. Fenu came to Ziyadatullah and persuaded him to conquer the Island. Ziyadatullah sent the Qadi of Qairwan, Asad bin Furat with a fleet of one hundred ships besides the ships of Femi. He instructed the commander to annex Sicily and set up a permanent Islamic Government after winning it and obliterating all signs and traces of the Romans. The war fleet left in the middle of Rabia al-Awwal 212 A.H. and reached the coast of Sicily after the third day. Blat, the ruler of Sicily sent an army to face the Muslim invaders. A battle between the two forces broke out and the Muslim troops moved ahead crushing the Christian fighters. Even though Femi was accompanying the Muslim army, he was growing sad and dejected with the winning spree of the Muslim fighters. He started sending secret information and advice to the Christians, which proved injurious to the Muslim strategy. However, the forward march of the Muslim troops could not be checked and it resulted in the death of Blat. Femi also met his doom when the Christians of Sicily appointed another man as their ruler in place of Blat and kept fighting the Muslim army. Qadi Asad bin Furat laid a siege around Syracuse but he died during this siege in Shaban, 213 A.H. The Muslim troops elected Muhammad bin Abul Jawari in place of Qadi Asad bin Furat. Close on the heels of this development ships laden with troops were sent from Constantinople. But, after fierce fighting the fresh reinforcing troops were fought back. Unfortunately an epidemic broke out among the Muslim troops, which proved more injurious than the Christian attacks. It took a heavy toll of Muslims lives. Because of this they raised their siege and decided to go back to
Morocco arid North Africa 231 the occupied cities and regroup to comeback and conquer the Island. While they were moving back, they found the warships from Constantinople surrounding the area and the Christian forces proceeded to attack the retreating Muslim soldiers and surrounding them in their camps. Muhammad bin Abul Jawari died during the attack. The Muslim troops immediately chose Zuhayr bin Auf as their commander. The Muslims were besieged for some time when by chance, a waging fleet of Muslim warships from Spain was sailing in quest of Jihad and happened to be in the Mediterranean Sea. When the besieged Muslims of Sicily found out about this, they contacted the fleet and brought to their attention the precarious state of the Islamic forces. Responding to the call for help three hundred boats were directly sent to the coast of Sicily. They landed on the coast and started fighting the Christians and forced them to raise their siege and flee. After their freedom, the Islamic forces resumed their conquests. The Spanish fleet after doing the needful took leave. The African Islamic forces besieged Palermo and set up their government over the occupied territories again and in the meantime, reinforcements from Africa in the form of military boats arrived. The army that had come with Asad bin Furat numbered ten thousand and seven hundred in all, ten thousand infantry and seven hundred cavalry. Palermo had not been conquered when Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Aghlab, the cousin of Ziyadatullah arrived after becoming Governor of Sicily. Palermo was ruled by the Romans. The southern half of Sicily was under Muslim rule while the northern part Was controlled by the Christians and they received constant help from the Caesar of Rome. However, the Muslim were continuously expanding their territories and after the conquest of Palermo, Sicily virtually became a province of the Aghlab rule and a Muslim Governor presided over it. The greatest Sicily accomplishment of Ziyadatullah's rule was the inclusion to the Islamic lands. Muslim rule continued on the island for almost three hundred years. Civil war among the Muslims caused it to be lost to the Christians and they wiped out all the Muslims from Sicily as they did in Spain.
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The History of ISLAM 5V Volume Thre
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • &jh*t** £*
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In the Name of Allah the Most Benef
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6 The History of Islam In this seco
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8 The History of Islam The First St
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10 The History of Islam Chapter »
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— The History of Islam Accession
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14 The History of Islam Musta'in Bi
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16 King Muhammad Sultan Yusuf Sulta
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18 The History of Islam Death of Az
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20 The History of Islam Cowardice O
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22 The History of Islam The Battle
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24 The History of Islam Two big riv
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26 The History of Islam effects on
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28 The History of Islam to Ceuta, i
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Chapter 2 Islamic Rule In Spain The
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Islamic Rule In Spain 33 Tariq bin
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Islamic Rule In Spain 35 Musa bin N
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iciamicRule In Spain considered as
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Chapter 3 Rulers of Spain Abdul Azi
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Rulers of Spain 41 Abdul Aziz bin M
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Rulers of Spain 43 their capital wa
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Rulers of Spain 45 people became an
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Rulers of Spain 47 Uthman assassina
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Rulers of Spain 49 Utbah bin HajjaJ
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Rulers of Spain 51 Straits. Even th
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Rulers of Spain 53 Political Mistak
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Rulers of Spain 55 the French terri
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Rulers of Spain 57 Finally, Ibn Hat
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Rulers of Spain 59 eluded the Musli
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Chapter 4 The Spainish Caliphs Abdu
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The Spainish Caliphs 63 discovered
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The Spainish Caliphs 65 Rebellions
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The Spainish Caliphs 67 grandeur he
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The Spainish Caliphs 69 Rebels anni
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The Spainish Caliphs 71 powerful at
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The Spainish Caliphs 73 revolt repe
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The Spainish Caliphs 75 plains. Dur
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The Spainish Caliphs 77 all over hi
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The Spairtish Caliphs 79 to assess
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The Spainish Caliphs 81 Battle Ghal
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The Spain ish Caliphs 83 that the o
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The Spainish Caliphs 85 Madinah at
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The Spanish Caliphs 87 Governor of
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The Spainish Caliphs 89 friendship
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The Spainish Caliphs 91 Spain slipp
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The Spainish Caliphs 93 about them.
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The Spainish Caliphs 95 violent and
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The Spainish Caliphs 97 Disasters o
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The Spainish Caliphs 99 died before
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The Spainish Caliphs 101 with the r
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The Spainish Caliphs 103 Cordova. H
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The Spairtish Caliphs 105 movement
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The Spain ish Caliphs 107 Christian
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The Spainish Caliphs 109 was wheat-
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The Spainish Caliphs 111 people of
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The Spainish Caliphs 113 captured H
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The Spainish Caliphs 115 bounds of
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The Spainish Caliphs 117 The first
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The Spainish Caliphs 119 Condition
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The Spainish Caliphs 121 Children S
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124 The History of Islam Following
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i26 The History of Islam other chie
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128 The History of Islam The number
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130 The History of Abdur Rahman on
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132 The History of Islam Three Peti
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134 The History of lsiam (Qasr al-K
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136 The History of Islam fifty year
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138 The History of Islam the city c
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140 The History of Islam leaders fe
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142 The History of Islam Having hea
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144 The History of Islam A r-Rashid
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146 The History of Islam 349 A.H. a
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148 The History ofIslam 2. Queen Sa
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150 The History of Islam Sabah, the
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152 The History of Islam Assessment
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154 The History of Islam friends of
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. The History of Islam Berbers were
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158 The History of Islam End of His
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Bani Hamud's Chapter 6 (Hammudid's)
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Batti Hamud's (Hammudid's) Rule 163
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succeeded Bant Hamud's (Hammudid' s
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Chapter 7 State of Anarchy Banu Abb
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State ofAnarchy 169 Mu'tamid bin Mu
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State of Anarchy 171 peace between
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State ofAnarchy 173 Abu Umar was ki
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Chapter 8 Christian Brutality in Sp
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Page 191 and 192: 194 The History of Islam Muhammad b
Page 193 and 194: Chapter 1 Granada Ibn Al-Ahmar Nasr
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Page 197 and 198: Granada 201 Waleed then hid one tho
Page 199 and 200: Granada 203 Khatib to Abu Salim bin
Page 201 and 202: Granada 205 Sultan Yuiuf HI Immedia
Page 203 and 204: Granada 207 pay annual tribute to t
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Page 207 and 208: Granada 211 the inexperienced Musli
Page 209 and 210: Granada 213 advances of the Christi
Page 211 and 212: Granada 215 End of Islamic Rule In
Page 213 and 214: Granada 217 13. After sixty days fr
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Page 217 and 218: Chapter 12 Morocco and North Africa
Page 219 and 220: Morocco and North Africa 223 child
Page 221 and 222: Morocco and North Africa 225 the mo
Page 223 and 224: Morocco and North Africa 227 Battle
Page 225: Morocco and North Africa . 229 woul
Page 229 and 230: Morocco and North Africa 233 Abul G
Page 231 and 232: Morocco and North Africa 235 End of
Page 233 and 234: 238 The History of Islam with the I
Page 235 and 236: 240 The History of Islam Ubaidullah
Page 237 and 238: 242 The History of Islam insurgence
Page 239 and 240: 244 The History of Islam had played
Page 241 and 242: 246 The History of Islam from the s
Page 243 and 244: 248 The History of Islam Ghalib had
Page 245 and 246: 250 The History of Islam he refuse
Page 247 and 248: 252 The History of Islam out to fig
Page 249 and 250: 254 The History of Islam already be
Page 251 and 252: 256 The History of Islam number of
Page 253 and 254: ' Mm 258 The History of Islam Hasan
Page 255 and 256: 5 and . 260 The History of Islam Mu
Page 257 and 258: 262 The History of Islam Death of H
Page 259 and 260: 264 The History of Islam the throne
Page 261 and 262: 266 The History of Islam Consequenc
Page 263 and 264: 268 The History of Islam Salahuddin
Page 265 and 266: Chapter 1 Qaramatians of Bahrain Ya
Page 267 and 268: Qaramatians of Bahrain ___ 273 The
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Page 275 and 276: 282 The History of Islam The Govern
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284 The History of Islam Those Assa
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286 The History of Islam have also
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288 The History of islam asked them
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290 The History of Islam Removal Of
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292 The History of Islam Interpreta
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294 The History of Islam treaty, Ta
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298 The History of Islam to Bukhara
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300 The History of lslam Ghazni and
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302 The History of Islam were Jar a
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304 The History of Islam Death Of G
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^ The History of Islam and to becom
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308 The History of Islam returned t
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310 The History of Islam and attack
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312 The History of Islam virtue of
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314 The History of Islam wearing co
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316 The History of Islam Gaykhatu K
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318 The History of Islam Syria once
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320 The History of Islam Assassinat
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322 The History of Islam take on th
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324 The History of Islam Khan. Thus
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326 The History of Islam through th
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328 The History of Islam earlier co
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330 The History of Islam luxury and
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332 The History of Islam subduing A
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^owever 334 The History of Islam Al
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336 The History of Islam had divide
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He 338 The History of Islam In the
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340 The History of Islam Seljuk Dyn
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342 The History of Islam Romans (pr
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344 The History of Islam with each
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346 The History of Islam Alauddin G
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348 The History of Islam Following
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350 The History of Islam post. He t
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Chapter 1 Brief Supplement Of The I
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Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
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Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
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' Brief Supplement Of The Islamic H
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Chapter 19 Ottoman Dynasty We have
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Ottoman Dynasty 363 out and the Mon
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Ottoman Dynasty 365 intrigues of hi
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Ottoman Dynasty 367 sword and girdl
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370 The History of Islam counted am
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372 The History of Islam fully awar
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374 The History of Islam them into
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376 The History of Islam found his
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378 The History of Islam was making
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380 The History of Islam battlefiel
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382 The History of Islam unable to
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384 The History of Islam (northwest
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386 preparations against commanders
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388 The History of Islam Being sati
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390 The History of Islam freshness
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392 The History of Islam superior n
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394 The Histon/ of Islam an iron ca
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396 The History of Islam During the
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398 The History of Islam Sultan Muh
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Ill The History of Islam Constantin
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402 The History of Islam all such t
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The 404 • History of Islam and th
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406 The History of Islam In the wak
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408 The History of Islam grown very
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410 The History of Islam In 852 A.H
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412 The History of Islam First of a
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414 The History of Islam cracks app
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416 The History of Islam kept pushi
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418 The History of Islam emissary m
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420 The History of Islam his force
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422 The History of Islam Iran and A
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^ 424 The History of Islam acceded
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426 The History of Islam conquest.
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428 The History of Islam the Madras
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Chapter 2 Civil Wars after Sultan t
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gvil Wars after Sultan the Conquero
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conquer
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civ il Wars after Sultan the Conque
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conq ue
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the Civil Wars after Sultan the Con
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History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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