History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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446 The History of Islam foot up to the gate of the city. He then came back and ascended the throne. Bayazid passed away on the way before reaching Demotika city. He left behind three sons and nine grandsons among the grandsons was also Sulaiman, the only son of Salim. Bayazid II abdicated the throne on April 25, 1512 C.E. (910 A.H.) and died on April 29, 1512 C.E. Sultan Salim son of Bayazid II, ascended the throne in Constantinople. The Ottoman Sultan Salim When Sultan Salim came to the throne of Constantinople with the common consent and desire of the people and the military both of his brothers ruling in Asia Minor, could not muster courage to challenge his position. They apparently, showed their allegiance to Sultan Salim, but secretly, they engaged themselves in preparing against the central government. Salim was also not so gullible as to believe in the socalled sincerity of his brothers. But he initiated no military campaign against them. Now it came to such pass that Ahmad concentrated his forces in Amasya and filled his treasury with a large amount of money collected through heavy taxation. His son Aiauddin, on the other hand, declared his sovereignty at the insistence of his father. Having heard of these insurgent activities Sultan Salim thought it necessary to personally march to Asia Minor to put down the uprisings. Thus, he himself led his army into Asia Minor. Moreover, he sent some warships along the seacoast. He caught and killed both Aiauddin and his brother and occupied Bursa. He also found his nephews among the opponents and killed them as well. Having heard this Ahmad came out at the head of an army but fled the battlefield after being beaten. Following his defeat, he sent his two sons to Ismail Safwi, the king of Iran to live in safety, and he himself kept striving for success. In view of the sad plight of Ahmad and his son his elder brother, Qarqud ruling in the northeastern parts of Asia Minor became alert. The next step of Sultan Salim was his sudden attack on the territory of Qarqud with ten thousand cavalry soldiers. Qarqud was arrested after a slight resistance and was put to death for his claim to the Ottoman throne. However, the assassination of his brother left him sad for sometime during which he refused to take meals.
Civil Wars after Sultan the Conqueror 447 The assassination of the Ottoman princes in this manner must have naturally touched the emotions of the people and so Ahmad was able to build a huge army and challenge Salim to fight with him. Salim's army suffered several initial reverses also. However, Salim was a man of courage and determination and did not lose heart and concede defeat. He continued his recruiting drive on one hand and consolidated and regularized his military machine on the other. The result was the defeat and arrest of Ahmad and finally his assassination. This last battle with Ahmad resulting in his final setback took place on April 24, 1513 (919 A.H.). By habits, manners and his direct course of action Sultan Salim was, beyond doubt, more valiant than his father, and a man of courage and determination like his grandfather. He was a constant source of terror to the Christian countries. However, when they witnessed that the Sultan was paying more attention to the Muslims and his internal problems, they advanced cautiously towards implementing peace agreements and keeping their western borders free from all conflicts. Shortly after dealing with his brothers, Sultan Salim got involved with Iran and Asia Minor. Had he not shown his firmness and determination against the Iranian ruler the Ottoman Empire would have disintegrated. Ismail Safwi considered himself among the descendants of Imam J'afar Sadiq and because of this, the Iranian people were emotionally attached to him. Shia-Sunni conflicts had not yet disappeared from Syria and Asia Minor. These countries had a climate favorable to the growth of the Shia faith. Moreover, these territories had a large Shia population. Ismail Safwi's maternal grandmother was a Christian lady and the daughter of the Christian king of Trabzon and wife of Hasan Tawil. Hence, Ismail Safwi had a desire to possess Trabzon, although it was a province of the Ottoman rule for a long time. Since Ismail Safwi had rose to power through Shia bigotry he knew very well how the Shia sect had played a significant role in instigating the Mongols to ravage Baghdad. Thus, the hate and enmity of an ambitious and mighty king like Ismail Safwi towards the Ottoman rule was not a matter of surprise. From the day he came to power he never failed to create trouble for Bayazid 11 in Asia Minor and winning the favor and support of the
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The History of ISLAM 5V Volume Thre
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • &jh*t** £*
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In the Name of Allah the Most Benef
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6 The History of Islam In this seco
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8 The History of Islam The First St
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10 The History of Islam Chapter »
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— The History of Islam Accession
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14 The History of Islam Musta'in Bi
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16 King Muhammad Sultan Yusuf Sulta
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18 The History of Islam Death of Az
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20 The History of Islam Cowardice O
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22 The History of Islam The Battle
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24 The History of Islam Two big riv
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26 The History of Islam effects on
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28 The History of Islam to Ceuta, i
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Chapter 2 Islamic Rule In Spain The
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Islamic Rule In Spain 33 Tariq bin
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Islamic Rule In Spain 35 Musa bin N
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iciamicRule In Spain considered as
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Chapter 3 Rulers of Spain Abdul Azi
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Rulers of Spain 41 Abdul Aziz bin M
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Rulers of Spain 43 their capital wa
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Rulers of Spain 45 people became an
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Rulers of Spain 47 Uthman assassina
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Rulers of Spain 49 Utbah bin HajjaJ
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Rulers of Spain 51 Straits. Even th
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Rulers of Spain 53 Political Mistak
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Rulers of Spain 55 the French terri
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Rulers of Spain 57 Finally, Ibn Hat
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Rulers of Spain 59 eluded the Musli
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Chapter 4 The Spainish Caliphs Abdu
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The Spainish Caliphs 63 discovered
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The Spainish Caliphs 65 Rebellions
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The Spainish Caliphs 67 grandeur he
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The Spainish Caliphs 69 Rebels anni
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The Spainish Caliphs 71 powerful at
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The Spainish Caliphs 73 revolt repe
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The Spainish Caliphs 75 plains. Dur
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The Spainish Caliphs 77 all over hi
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The Spairtish Caliphs 79 to assess
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The Spainish Caliphs 81 Battle Ghal
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The Spain ish Caliphs 83 that the o
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The Spainish Caliphs 85 Madinah at
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The Spanish Caliphs 87 Governor of
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The Spainish Caliphs 89 friendship
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The Spainish Caliphs 91 Spain slipp
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The Spainish Caliphs 93 about them.
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The Spainish Caliphs 95 violent and
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The Spainish Caliphs 97 Disasters o
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The Spainish Caliphs 99 died before
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The Spainish Caliphs 101 with the r
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The Spainish Caliphs 103 Cordova. H
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The Spairtish Caliphs 105 movement
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The Spain ish Caliphs 107 Christian
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The Spainish Caliphs 109 was wheat-
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The Spainish Caliphs 111 people of
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The Spainish Caliphs 113 captured H
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The Spainish Caliphs 115 bounds of
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The Spainish Caliphs 117 The first
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The Spainish Caliphs 119 Condition
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The Spainish Caliphs 121 Children S
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124 The History of Islam Following
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i26 The History of Islam other chie
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128 The History of Islam The number
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130 The History of Abdur Rahman on
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132 The History of Islam Three Peti
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134 The History of lsiam (Qasr al-K
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136 The History of Islam fifty year
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138 The History of Islam the city c
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140 The History of Islam leaders fe
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142 The History of Islam Having hea
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144 The History of Islam A r-Rashid
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146 The History of Islam 349 A.H. a
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148 The History ofIslam 2. Queen Sa
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150 The History of Islam Sabah, the
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152 The History of Islam Assessment
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154 The History of Islam friends of
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. The History of Islam Berbers were
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158 The History of Islam End of His
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Bani Hamud's Chapter 6 (Hammudid's)
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Batti Hamud's (Hammudid's) Rule 163
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succeeded Bant Hamud's (Hammudid' s
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Chapter 7 State of Anarchy Banu Abb
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State ofAnarchy 169 Mu'tamid bin Mu
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State of Anarchy 171 peace between
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State ofAnarchy 173 Abu Umar was ki
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Chapter 8 Christian Brutality in Sp
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uction Brutality in Spain X 177 ain
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Christian Brutality in Spain 179 te
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Christian Brutality in Spain 181 bi
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Chapter 9 Almohads (AI-Mowahad) Rul
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad) Rule in Spain
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad ) Rule in Spai
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194 The History of Islam Muhammad b
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Chapter 1 Granada Ibn Al-Ahmar Nasr
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Granada 199 were angry with the Min
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Granada 201 Waleed then hid one tho
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Granada 203 Khatib to Abu Salim bin
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Granada 205 Sultan Yuiuf HI Immedia
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Granada 207 pay annual tribute to t
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esumed Granada 209 Sultan Ibn Ismai
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Granada 211 the inexperienced Musli
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Granada 213 advances of the Christi
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Granada 215 End of Islamic Rule In
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Granada 217 13. After sixty days fr
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Granada 219 network of roads and ca
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Chapter 12 Morocco and North Africa
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Morocco and North Africa 223 child
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Morocco and North Africa 225 the mo
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Morocco and North Africa 227 Battle
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Morocco and North Africa . 229 woul
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Morocco arid North Africa 231 the o
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Morocco and North Africa 233 Abul G
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Morocco and North Africa 235 End of
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238 The History of Islam with the I
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240 The History of Islam Ubaidullah
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242 The History of Islam insurgence
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244 The History of Islam had played
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246 The History of Islam from the s
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248 The History of Islam Ghalib had
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250 The History of Islam he refuse
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252 The History of Islam out to fig
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254 The History of Islam already be
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256 The History of Islam number of
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' Mm 258 The History of Islam Hasan
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5 and . 260 The History of Islam Mu
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262 The History of Islam Death of H
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264 The History of Islam the throne
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266 The History of Islam Consequenc
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268 The History of Islam Salahuddin
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Chapter 1 Qaramatians of Bahrain Ya
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Qaramatians of Bahrain ___ 273 The
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Qaramatians of Bahrain 275 Abu Mans
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and aligned with their historical e
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Se 280 The History of Islam and pat
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282 The History of Islam The Govern
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284 The History of Islam Those Assa
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286 The History of Islam have also
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288 The History of islam asked them
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290 The History of Islam Removal Of
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292 The History of Islam Interpreta
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294 The History of Islam treaty, Ta
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298 The History of Islam to Bukhara
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300 The History of lslam Ghazni and
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302 The History of Islam were Jar a
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304 The History of Islam Death Of G
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^ The History of Islam and to becom
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308 The History of Islam returned t
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310 The History of Islam and attack
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312 The History of Islam virtue of
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314 The History of Islam wearing co
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316 The History of Islam Gaykhatu K
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318 The History of Islam Syria once
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320 The History of Islam Assassinat
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322 The History of Islam take on th
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324 The History of Islam Khan. Thus
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326 The History of Islam through th
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328 The History of Islam earlier co
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330 The History of Islam luxury and
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332 The History of Islam subduing A
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^owever 334 The History of Islam Al
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336 The History of Islam had divide
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He 338 The History of Islam In the
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340 The History of Islam Seljuk Dyn
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342 The History of Islam Romans (pr
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344 The History of Islam with each
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346 The History of Islam Alauddin G
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348 The History of Islam Following
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350 The History of Islam post. He t
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Chapter 1 Brief Supplement Of The I
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Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
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Brief Supplement Of The Islamic His
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' Brief Supplement Of The Islamic H
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Chapter 19 Ottoman Dynasty We have
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Ottoman Dynasty 363 out and the Mon
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Ottoman Dynasty 365 intrigues of hi
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Ottoman Dynasty 367 sword and girdl
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370 The History of Islam counted am
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372 The History of Islam fully awar
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374 The History of Islam them into
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376 The History of Islam found his
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378 The History of Islam was making
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380 The History of Islam battlefiel
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382 The History of Islam unable to
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384 The History of Islam (northwest
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386 preparations against commanders
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388 The History of Islam Being sati
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390 The History of Islam freshness
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392 The History of Islam superior n
Page 383 and 384: 394 The Histon/ of Islam an iron ca
Page 385 and 386: 396 The History of Islam During the
Page 387 and 388: 398 The History of Islam Sultan Muh
Page 389 and 390: Ill The History of Islam Constantin
Page 391 and 392: 402 The History of Islam all such t
Page 393 and 394: The 404 • History of Islam and th
Page 395 and 396: 406 The History of Islam In the wak
Page 397 and 398: 408 The History of Islam grown very
Page 399 and 400: 410 The History of Islam In 852 A.H
Page 401 and 402: 412 The History of Islam First of a
Page 403 and 404: 414 The History of Islam cracks app
Page 405 and 406: 416 The History of Islam kept pushi
Page 407 and 408: 418 The History of Islam emissary m
Page 409 and 410: 420 The History of Islam his force
Page 411 and 412: 422 The History of Islam Iran and A
Page 413 and 414: ^ 424 The History of Islam acceded
Page 415 and 416: 426 The History of Islam conquest.
Page 417 and 418: 428 The History of Islam the Madras
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Page 421 and 422: gvil Wars after Sultan the Conquero
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History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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