History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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Ottoman Empire 407 Although the Turks conquered Albania since a long time ago, it had been left to the same ruling dynasty as a feudatory. In order to establish close contacts with Sultan Murad II the king of Albania sent his four young sons to the Sultan to be kept as hostage and to be brought up in the Janissaries. However, accidentally, three of them fell ill in the training center of Adrianople and passed away. The king of Albania smelled a rat in their sudden demise. He, therefore, wrote to the Sultan that he thought some of his enemies must have poisoned his sons to death. Sultan Murad II too felt unhappy over the incident. Now he made some special arrangement for the eldest son, Chastrait, and kept him in his palace. He was educated and trained like a Muslim prince. When he was eighteen, he was given command of a military squad and he came to be known as Sikander Beg and Lord Sikander. His father, John Chastrait died in Albania in 836 A.H. Sultan Murad did not think it right to send George Chastrait to Albania to succeed his father. The Ottoman Sultan loved him like his son and he was, in truth, in a better position with the Sultan than he could be as a ruler of Albania. Sultan Murad believed in his loyalty and he never thought of any challenge on his part at any stage. But, in the wake of a reverse incurred by the Turkish army at the hands of Hani Das, Sikander Beg resolved to capture Albania by force. Suddenly one day he stormed into the camp of the superintendent of the office and made him write a letter addressed to the Junior Commissioned Officer of Albania forcibly to hand over the administration to Sikander Beg who was going as the viceroy of Sultan Murad II. He also had the letter sealed and then assassinated the superintendent and hurried straight to Albania. The Junior Commissioned officer handed over the administration of Albania to him immediately. Shortly after occupying the throne of Albania in this manner, he proclaimed that he had decided to return to Christianity and, in future, he would direct all his efforts to keep his country free from Turkish control. With this declaration, the Christians' jubilation knew no bounds but, at the same time, a large-scale massacre of the Turks became the order of the day, with the result, not a single Turk was spared in the length and breadth of Albania. Since Sikander Beg was brought up, trained and educated in the Turkish environment he lived and behaved like a prince. He had
408 The History of Islam grown very rich in courage and ambition and lost all respect for the Turks. Thus, partly because of his courage and determination and largely because of Albania being a hilly country with very difficult rocky pathways, it was not easy for foreign troops to make entry across its borders easily. Sultan Murad's pre-occupations vyith the affairs of his country held him back from making a full-fledged attack on Albania and a few small-scale campaigns failed to produce any result. Smce Sultan Murad II had brought Sikander Beg up like his son and Z hke °r death - He entertained the hope of his return to Muhammad 11 cam€ to the throne after he also made looked un i, P eace with Sikander Beg as he 3 br0ther fee^ ' Despile these concessions. a l SiLtder “d Sld >a" Muhammad II was forced to Uraclr * ' shifted to Venice province of the Ottoman Empire. A Albania became a Played a significant role in coiolidaWK, 2 r was, by all standard, noble, pious and devoted to fire dTcTeÛm Sultan Muhammad II, — of Constantinople the^û^T At the time of Sultan Murad H's death his k* u Asia Minor. He U was nunad then n was in 21 Before this m i ascended the throne 15 and again when he was 16. Murad II had a son WaS^ dunng L We^'h^fl^ “ lmA ^ the king of Serbia who was then only 8 month m ^ dau S hter of coronation ceremony time of when MuhamrLd the H 7! knowledge of Sultan . “ as on ' someone, without IT and put t0°k him to death Such a hein ^ chdd to bathroom ^ • interest W of ^ “' c°«ed in l ojthis child captê help of the Christian powers displeasure over this dastardly him J* avenging the blood of his half brofh^r A ‘ ^ But M„h^^ «rovvin S U P with the Mâmmad u expressed his strong “* mUrderer a"d Wiled
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The History of ISLAM 5V Volume Thre
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • &jh*t** £*
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In the Name of Allah the Most Benef
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6 The History of Islam In this seco
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8 The History of Islam The First St
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10 The History of Islam Chapter »
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— The History of Islam Accession
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14 The History of Islam Musta'in Bi
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16 King Muhammad Sultan Yusuf Sulta
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18 The History of Islam Death of Az
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20 The History of Islam Cowardice O
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22 The History of Islam The Battle
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24 The History of Islam Two big riv
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26 The History of Islam effects on
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28 The History of Islam to Ceuta, i
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Chapter 2 Islamic Rule In Spain The
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Islamic Rule In Spain 33 Tariq bin
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Islamic Rule In Spain 35 Musa bin N
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iciamicRule In Spain considered as
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Chapter 3 Rulers of Spain Abdul Azi
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Rulers of Spain 41 Abdul Aziz bin M
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Rulers of Spain 43 their capital wa
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Rulers of Spain 45 people became an
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Rulers of Spain 47 Uthman assassina
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Rulers of Spain 49 Utbah bin HajjaJ
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Rulers of Spain 51 Straits. Even th
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Rulers of Spain 53 Political Mistak
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Rulers of Spain 55 the French terri
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Rulers of Spain 57 Finally, Ibn Hat
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Rulers of Spain 59 eluded the Musli
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Chapter 4 The Spainish Caliphs Abdu
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The Spainish Caliphs 63 discovered
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The Spainish Caliphs 65 Rebellions
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The Spainish Caliphs 67 grandeur he
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The Spainish Caliphs 69 Rebels anni
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The Spainish Caliphs 71 powerful at
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The Spainish Caliphs 73 revolt repe
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The Spainish Caliphs 75 plains. Dur
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The Spainish Caliphs 77 all over hi
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The Spairtish Caliphs 79 to assess
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The Spainish Caliphs 81 Battle Ghal
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The Spain ish Caliphs 83 that the o
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The Spainish Caliphs 85 Madinah at
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The Spanish Caliphs 87 Governor of
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The Spainish Caliphs 89 friendship
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The Spainish Caliphs 91 Spain slipp
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The Spainish Caliphs 93 about them.
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The Spainish Caliphs 95 violent and
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The Spainish Caliphs 97 Disasters o
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The Spainish Caliphs 99 died before
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The Spainish Caliphs 101 with the r
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The Spainish Caliphs 103 Cordova. H
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The Spairtish Caliphs 105 movement
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The Spain ish Caliphs 107 Christian
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The Spainish Caliphs 109 was wheat-
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The Spainish Caliphs 111 people of
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The Spainish Caliphs 113 captured H
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The Spainish Caliphs 115 bounds of
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The Spainish Caliphs 117 The first
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The Spainish Caliphs 119 Condition
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The Spainish Caliphs 121 Children S
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124 The History of Islam Following
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i26 The History of Islam other chie
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128 The History of Islam The number
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130 The History of Abdur Rahman on
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132 The History of Islam Three Peti
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134 The History of lsiam (Qasr al-K
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136 The History of Islam fifty year
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138 The History of Islam the city c
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140 The History of Islam leaders fe
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142 The History of Islam Having hea
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144 The History of Islam A r-Rashid
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146 The History of Islam 349 A.H. a
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148 The History ofIslam 2. Queen Sa
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150 The History of Islam Sabah, the
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152 The History of Islam Assessment
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154 The History of Islam friends of
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. The History of Islam Berbers were
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158 The History of Islam End of His
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Bani Hamud's Chapter 6 (Hammudid's)
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Batti Hamud's (Hammudid's) Rule 163
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succeeded Bant Hamud's (Hammudid' s
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Chapter 7 State of Anarchy Banu Abb
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State ofAnarchy 169 Mu'tamid bin Mu
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State of Anarchy 171 peace between
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State ofAnarchy 173 Abu Umar was ki
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Chapter 8 Christian Brutality in Sp
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uction Brutality in Spain X 177 ain
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Christian Brutality in Spain 179 te
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Christian Brutality in Spain 181 bi
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Chapter 9 Almohads (AI-Mowahad) Rul
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad) Rule in Spain
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Almohads (Al-Mowahad ) Rule in Spai
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194 The History of Islam Muhammad b
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Chapter 1 Granada Ibn Al-Ahmar Nasr
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Granada 199 were angry with the Min
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Granada 201 Waleed then hid one tho
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Granada 203 Khatib to Abu Salim bin
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Granada 205 Sultan Yuiuf HI Immedia
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Granada 207 pay annual tribute to t
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esumed Granada 209 Sultan Ibn Ismai
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Granada 211 the inexperienced Musli
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Granada 213 advances of the Christi
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Granada 215 End of Islamic Rule In
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Granada 217 13. After sixty days fr
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Granada 219 network of roads and ca
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Chapter 12 Morocco and North Africa
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Morocco and North Africa 223 child
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Morocco and North Africa 225 the mo
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Morocco and North Africa 227 Battle
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Morocco and North Africa . 229 woul
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Morocco arid North Africa 231 the o
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Morocco and North Africa 233 Abul G
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Morocco and North Africa 235 End of
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238 The History of Islam with the I
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240 The History of Islam Ubaidullah
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242 The History of Islam insurgence
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244 The History of Islam had played
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246 The History of Islam from the s
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248 The History of Islam Ghalib had
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250 The History of Islam he refuse
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252 The History of Islam out to fig
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254 The History of Islam already be
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256 The History of Islam number of
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' Mm 258 The History of Islam Hasan
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5 and . 260 The History of Islam Mu
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262 The History of Islam Death of H
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264 The History of Islam the throne
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266 The History of Islam Consequenc
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268 The History of Islam Salahuddin
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Chapter 1 Qaramatians of Bahrain Ya
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Qaramatians of Bahrain ___ 273 The
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Qaramatians of Bahrain 275 Abu Mans
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and aligned with their historical e
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Se 280 The History of Islam and pat
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282 The History of Islam The Govern
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284 The History of Islam Those Assa
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286 The History of Islam have also
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288 The History of islam asked them
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290 The History of Islam Removal Of
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292 The History of Islam Interpreta
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294 The History of Islam treaty, Ta
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298 The History of Islam to Bukhara
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300 The History of lslam Ghazni and
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302 The History of Islam were Jar a
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304 The History of Islam Death Of G
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^ The History of Islam and to becom
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308 The History of Islam returned t
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310 The History of Islam and attack
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312 The History of Islam virtue of
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314 The History of Islam wearing co
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316 The History of Islam Gaykhatu K
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318 The History of Islam Syria once
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320 The History of Islam Assassinat
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322 The History of Islam take on th
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324 The History of Islam Khan. Thus
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326 The History of Islam through th
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328 The History of Islam earlier co
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330 The History of Islam luxury and
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332 The History of Islam subduing A
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ôwever 334 The History of Islam Al
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336 The History of Islam had divide
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He 338 The History of Islam In the
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340 The History of Islam Seljuk Dyn
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342 The History of Islam Romans (pr
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344 The History of Islam with each
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346 The History of Islam Alauddin G
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348 The History of Islam Following
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350 The History of Islam post. He t
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Chapter 1 Brief Supplement Of The I
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Page 351 and 352: Chapter 19 Ottoman Dynasty We have
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Page 355 and 356: Ottoman Dynasty 365 intrigues of hi
Page 357 and 358: Ottoman Dynasty 367 sword and girdl
Page 359 and 360: 370 The History of Islam counted am
Page 361 and 362: 372 The History of Islam fully awar
Page 363 and 364: 374 The History of Islam them into
Page 365 and 366: 376 The History of Islam found his
Page 367 and 368: 378 The History of Islam was making
Page 369 and 370: 380 The History of Islam battlefiel
Page 371 and 372: 382 The History of Islam unable to
Page 373 and 374: 384 The History of Islam (northwest
Page 375 and 376: 386 preparations against commanders
Page 377 and 378: 388 The History of Islam Being sati
Page 379 and 380: 390 The History of Islam freshness
Page 381 and 382: 392 The History of Islam superior n
Page 383 and 384: 394 The Histon/ of Islam an iron ca
Page 385 and 386: 396 The History of Islam During the
Page 387 and 388: 398 The History of Islam Sultan Muh
Page 389 and 390: Ill The History of Islam Constantin
Page 391 and 392: 402 The History of Islam all such t
Page 393 and 394: The 404 • History of Islam and th
Page 395: 406 The History of Islam In the wak
Page 399 and 400: 410 The History of Islam In 852 A.H
Page 401 and 402: 412 The History of Islam First of a
Page 403 and 404: 414 The History of Islam cracks app
Page 405 and 406: 416 The History of Islam kept pushi
Page 407 and 408: 418 The History of Islam emissary m
Page 409 and 410: 420 The History of Islam his force
Page 411 and 412: 422 The History of Islam Iran and A
Page 413 and 414: ^ 424 The History of Islam acceded
Page 415 and 416: 426 The History of Islam conquest.
Page 417 and 418: 428 The History of Islam the Madras
Page 419 and 420: Chapter 2 Civil Wars after Sultan t
Page 421 and 422: gvil Wars after Sultan the Conquero
Page 423 and 424: Civil Wars after Sultan the Conquer
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Civil Wars after Sultan the Conquer
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the Civil Wars after Sultan the Con
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History of Islam Vol 3 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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