LECTURE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3rd EDITION ROBERT G. MORTIMER

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Chapter 3: The Second and Third Laws
of Thermodynamics: Entropy
PRINCIPAL FACTS AND IDEAS
1. There are two principal physical statements of the
second law of thermodynamics:
(1) If a system undergoes a cyclic process it cannot
turn heat put into the system completely into work
done on the surroundings.
(2) Heat cannot flow spontaneously from a cooler to
a hotter object if nothing else happens.
2. The second law implies that no heat engine can
have an efficiency as great as unity.
3. The mathematical statement of the second law
establishes a new state function, the entropy,
denoted by S and defined through its differential by
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