LECTURE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3rd EDITION ROBERT G. MORTIMER

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The Gibbs–Duhem relation is often written as a
derivative relation instead of a differential relation. It is
necessary that the partial derivatives be taken with T
and P constant since the Gibbs–Duhem relation is
valid only for constant T and P. For a two-component
system,
Both derivatives must be taken with respect to the
same mole fraction. For a system with more than two
components, the equation is
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