LECTURE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3rd EDITION ROBERT G. MORTIMER

Chapter 4. The Thermodynamics of Real Systems
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PRINCIPAL FACTS AND IDEAS
1. The second law of thermodynamics provides the general criterion
for possible processes: The entropy of the universe cannot
decrease.
2. This general criterion can be used to derive criteria for
spontaneous processes in a system under various circumstances.
3. The Gibbs and Helmholtz energies provide information about the
maximum amount of work that can be done by a system.
4. General equations for the differentials of various thermodynamic
functions can be written from the first and second laws.
5. Thermodynamic equations for practical applications can be
obtained from these general equations.
6. The methods of calculus can provide useful thermodynamic
relations, such as the Maxwell relations.
7. The chemical potential is an important variable in describing
multicomponent systems.
8. Euler’s theorem and the Gibbs–Duhem relation are useful in
making calculations.
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