LECTURE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3rd EDITION ROBERT G. MORTIMER

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The Gibbs Energy of Solids and Liquids
The value of the isothermal compressibility of a
typical solid or liquid is roughly equal to 10 −9 Pa −1 so
that a change in pressure of 10 atm (roughly 106 Pa)
changes the volume by only a tenth of a percent. We
assume the volume to be approximately constant in
the integrand of Eq. (4.4-2), giving
The standard state of a substance in a condensed
phase (liquid or solid) is the actual pure substance at
the standard pressure P◦ and whatever temperature
is of interest. Equation (4.4-13) implies that
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