LECTURE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3rd EDITION ROBERT G. MORTIMER

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Joule was unsuccessful in his attempt to measure the
Joule coefficient because the changes in temperature
that occurred were too small to be measured by his
thermometers, even though he used pressures up to
22 atm. Later versions of the experiment with better
apparatus have given nonzero values of (∂U/∂V) T ,n
for real gases.
There are better ways than the Joule experiment to
determine values of (∂U/∂V) T ,n , and we will discuss
them in Chapter 4. Once values for C V and for
(∂U/∂V) T ,n are obtained, ∆U can be calculated for any
process that begins with one equilibrium state and
ends with another equilibrium state.
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