LECTURE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3rd EDITION ROBERT G. MORTIMER

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3.1. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
and the Carnot Heat Engine
The statement of the first law of thermodynamics
defines the internal energy and asserts as a
generalization of experiment fact that it is a state
function. The second law of thermodynamics
establishes the entropy as a state function, but in a
less direct way.
Physical Statements of the Second Law
There are two important physical statements of the
second law of thermodynamics.
- The Kelvin statement is: it is impossible for a
system to undergo a cyclic process that turns heat
completely into work done on the surroundings.
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