LECTURE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3rd EDITION ROBERT G. MORTIMER

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If ∆S is nearly independent of temperature between
T 1 and T 2 , Eq. (4.4-17) becomes
This equation should be a usable approximation if
the difference between T 2 and T 1 is not very large.An
alternate to Eq. (4.4-17) is known as the Gibbs–
Helmholtz equation:
If ∆H is nearly independent of temperature,
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We can apply Eqs. (4.4-17) and (4.4-19) to physical
processes as well as to chemical reactions.
Collected by Nguyen Thanh Tu Teacher
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