LECTURE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3rd EDITION ROBERT G. MORTIMER

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5.1. The Fundamental Fact of Phase Equilibrium
- A phase:
- Separated types:
The principal kinds of phases are solids, liquids,
and gases, although plasmas (ionized gases), liquid
crystals, and glasses.
* Solid and liquid phases are called condensed
phases and a gas phase is often called a vapor phase.
* Several elements such as carbon exhibit solid-phase
allotropy. With compounds, this phenomenon is called
polymorphism instead of allotropy. Most pure
substances have only one liquid phase, but helium
exhibits allotropy in the liquid phase.
* In a multicomponent system there can often be
several solid phases or several liquid phases at
equilibrium.
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