LECTURE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3rd EDITION ROBERT G. MORTIMER

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Nonequilibrium Steady States
In some cases a system undergoes an irreversible
process in such a way that the nonequilibrium
state of the system does not change during the
process.We say that the system is in a steady state.
We cannot calculate the entropy of the system since
it is not in an equilibrium state, but we can conclude
that its entropy does not change during the process.
Any entropy changes occur in the surroundings.
The system depicted in Figure 3.9a provides an
example of such a situation. The surroundings consist
of one large object at temperature T 1 and another
large object at a higher temperature T 2 .
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