LECTURE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3rd EDITION ROBERT G. MORTIMER

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Since T surr must be positive, we can multiply by T surr
without changing the direction of the inequality,
obtaining
We now consider several special cases.
•The first case is that of an isolated system, which is
a closed system that cannot exchange either heat or
work with its surroundings. In this case dq = 0 and
dw = 0 so that dU = 0 and
• The second case is that dS = 0 and dw = 0,
This is a case that is not likely to be encountered in
thermodynamics since there is no convenient way to
keep the entropy of a system constant while a
process occurs.
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