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112 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Don’t Forget! Sure, macrolides are good respiratory tract drugs and are relatively benign, but do you really need to be treating your patient’s nonspecific (possibly viral) cough and cold with any antibiotic? Besides causing possible adverse reactions and wallet toxicity, overuse of these drugs has contributed to increasing resistance. How about some decongestants, acetaminophen, and chicken soup instead?
Oxazolidinones 12 Agent: linezolid Currently, linezolid is the only available member of the oxazolidinone class. Thanks to its broad Grampositive activity and excellent oral bioavailability, linezolid has become a useful (albeit expensive) antibiotic for the treatment of various resistant Gram-positive infections. Its advantage over other agents active against MRSA is its modern data supporting its use for MRSA pneumonia. Mechanism of Action Linezolid is a protein synthesis inhibitor that binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, blocking the formation of a stable 70S initiation complex and preventing translation. This binding site is distinct from other protein synthesis inhibitors. Spectrum Good: MSSA, MRSA, streptococci (including multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae), enterococci (including VRE), Nocardia Moderate: some atypicals, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Poor: all Gram-negatives, anaerobes
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Antibiotics Simplified third EDITIO
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Contents Acknowledgments Introducti
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Contents v Chapter 28: Antifungal A
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Acknowledgments Our thanks go to th
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x Introduction ■■ How to Use Th
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New to the Third Edition The Third
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The Wonderful World of Microbiology
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chapter 1 Microbiology 5 More like
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chapter 1 Microbiology 7 Influenza
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chapter 1 Microbiology 9 Bacilli An
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chapter 1 Microbiology 11 Gram-nega
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chapter 1 Microbiology 13 Cocci Aer
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General Approach to Infectious Dise
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 17 Th
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 19 Su
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 21 al
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Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics 3 The t
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 25 Table
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 27 can b
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 29 becau
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 31 Table
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34 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy No vis
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36 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Table
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38 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy done i
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Adverse Consequences of Antibiotic
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 43 f
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 45 U
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Antibacterial Drugs Part 2
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50 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs to be
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52 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs is ne
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54 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Agen
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Aminopenicillins Agents: amoxicilli
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Page 91 and 92: Third-Generation Cephalosporins Age
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Page 100 and 101: Carbapenems Agents: imipenem/cilast
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Page 113 and 114: chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
Page 115 and 116: Aminoglycosides 9 Agents: gentamici
Page 117 and 118: chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
Page 119 and 120: Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines 10
Page 121 and 122: chapter 10 Tetracyclines 107 admini
Page 123 and 124: Macrolides and Ketolides 11 Agents:
Page 125: chapter 11 Macrolides and Ketolides
Page 129: chapter 12 Oxazolidinones 115 What
Page 132 and 133: 118 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spec
Page 135 and 136: Nitrofurans and Fosfomycin 14 Agent
Page 137: chapter 14 Nitrofurans and Fosfomyc
Page 143 and 144: Cyclic Lipopeptides 16 Agent: dapto
Page 145: chapter 16 Cyclic Lipopeptides 131
Page 150 and 151: 136 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs What
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Page 160 and 161: 146 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs asso
Page 163 and 164: Antimycobacterial Drugs 21 ■■ I
Page 165: chapter 21 Antimycobacterial Drugs
Page 168 and 169: 154 PART 3 Antimycobacterial Drugs
Page 175 and 176: Pyrazinamide 24 Agent: pyrazinamide
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Ethambutol 25 Agent: ethambutol (EM
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Antifungal Drugs Part 4
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168 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs When th
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Polyenes 27 Agents: amphotericin B,
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chapter 27 Polyenes 173 1.5 mg/kg/d
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Antifungal Antimetabolites 28 Agent
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chapter 28 Antifungal Antimetabolit
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Fluconazole The introduction of flu
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chapter 29 Azoles 183 • The high
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186 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Adverse
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Voriconazole The introduction of vo
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chapter 29 Azoles 191 ■■ Import
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Posaconazole Posaconazole is the ne
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chapter 29 Azoles 195 inhibitors lo
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198 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Spectru
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Antiviral Drugs Part 5
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204 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The unde
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Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus and Varic
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chapter 32 Anti-HSV and VZV Agents
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212 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors 34 Agents:
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chapter 34 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
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220 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs the comm
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224 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs What The
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226 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Adverse
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228 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • NNRT
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230 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The drug
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232 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • The
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Integrase Inhibitors Agents: ralteg
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chapter 35 Antiretroviral Drugs 237
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240 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs from hea
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244 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs option f
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246 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Think of
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248 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs ribaviri
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250 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs administ
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Hepatitis B Nucleoside Analogs 39 A
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Antiparasitic Drugs Part 6
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258 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Tabl
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Quinolines 41 Agents: chloroquine,
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chapter 41 Quinolines 263 majority
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Atovaquone 42 Agents: atovaquone, a
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chapter 42 Atovaquone 267 Don’t F
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270 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Adve
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Pentamidine 44 Agent: pentamidine P
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chapter 44 Pentamidine 275 as appro
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278 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Spec
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Appendix 1 Selected Normal Human Fl
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Appendix 2 Spectrum of Activity A N
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284 appendix 2 and thus less likely
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286 appendix 2 Table A-2 Clinically
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Appendix 3 Empiric Regimens for Com
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290 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
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292 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
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294 Index Amoxicillin/clavulanate,
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296 Index Broad-spectrum antibacter
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298 Index Combivir, 221 Community-a
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300 Index Eukaryotes, 5, 203 Extend
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302 Index HIV (continued) anti-herp
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304 Index Minimum bactericidal conc
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306 Index PEG. See Polyethylene gly
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308 Index Pseudomonas (continued) P
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310 Index Sustained virologic respo
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