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60 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Adverse Effects Similar to those of other beta-lactams. Aminopenicillins have a high incidence of diarrhea when given orally. ■■ Important Facts • Though ampicillin can be given orally, amoxicillin is a better choice. It is more bioavailable, better tolerated, and administered less frequently. Use ampicillin for IV therapy, and amoxicillin for oral therapy. Europeans disagree; they use amoxicillin intravenously also. • Ampicillin is a drug of choice for susceptible enterococci. • These drugs are often listed as alternative regimens for UTIs in pregnant women because they are pregnancy category B and eliminated renally. However, resistance in E. coli to them is very high and susceptibility testing should be performed. What They’re Good For Infections caused by susceptible GNRs, enterococci, and streptococci. Because resistance among GNRs is prevalent, aminopenicillins are used only infrequently in complicated nosocomial infections. Amoxicillin is frequently prescribed for infections of the upper respiratory tract, including streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) and otitis media (ear infection).
chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 61 Don’t Forget! To achieve bactericidal activity against enterococci, ampicillin (or any other beta-lactam) has to be combined with an aminoglycoside. This should be done in serious infections such as endocarditis.
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Antibiotics Simplified third EDITIO
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Contents Acknowledgments Introducti
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Contents v Chapter 28: Antifungal A
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Acknowledgments Our thanks go to th
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x Introduction ■■ How to Use Th
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New to the Third Edition The Third
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The Wonderful World of Microbiology
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chapter 1 Microbiology 5 More like
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chapter 1 Microbiology 7 Influenza
Page 23 and 24: chapter 1 Microbiology 9 Bacilli An
Page 25 and 26: chapter 1 Microbiology 11 Gram-nega
Page 27 and 28: chapter 1 Microbiology 13 Cocci Aer
Page 29 and 30: General Approach to Infectious Dise
Page 31 and 32: chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 17 Th
Page 33 and 34: chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 19 Su
Page 35 and 36: chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 21 al
Page 37 and 38: Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics 3 The t
Page 39 and 40: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 25 Table
Page 41 and 42: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 27 can b
Page 43 and 44: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 29 becau
Page 45: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 31 Table
Page 48 and 49: 34 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy No vis
Page 50 and 51: 36 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Table
Page 52 and 53: 38 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy done i
Page 55 and 56: Adverse Consequences of Antibiotic
Page 57 and 58: chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 43 f
Page 59 and 60: chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 45 U
Page 61: Antibacterial Drugs Part 2
Page 64 and 65: 50 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs to be
Page 66 and 67: 52 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs is ne
Page 68 and 69: 54 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
Page 71 and 72: Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Agen
Page 73: Aminopenicillins Agents: amoxicilli
Page 78 and 79: 64 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Adver
Page 80 and 81: 66 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs enhan
Page 82 and 83: 68 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs good
Page 84 and 85: 70 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Cefaz
Page 86 and 87: 72 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs ■
Page 91 and 92: Third-Generation Cephalosporins Age
Page 93: chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 79 biliary e
Page 96 and 97: 82 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs but o
Page 98 and 99: 84 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs bind
Page 100 and 101: Carbapenems Agents: imipenem/cilast
Page 102: chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 89 and thus
Page 107 and 108: 94 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Mecha
Page 109 and 110: 96 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs as be
Page 111 and 112: 98 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
Page 113 and 114: chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
Page 115 and 116: Aminoglycosides 9 Agents: gentamici
Page 117 and 118: chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
Page 119 and 120: Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines 10
Page 121 and 122: chapter 10 Tetracyclines 107 admini
Page 123 and 124: Macrolides and Ketolides 11 Agents:
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chapter 11 Macrolides and Ketolides
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Oxazolidinones 12 Agent: linezolid
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chapter 12 Oxazolidinones 115 What
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118 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spec
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Nitrofurans and Fosfomycin 14 Agent
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chapter 14 Nitrofurans and Fosfomyc
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Cyclic Lipopeptides 16 Agent: dapto
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chapter 16 Cyclic Lipopeptides 131
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136 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs What
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140 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Don
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144 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Beca
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146 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs asso
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Antimycobacterial Drugs 21 ■■ I
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chapter 21 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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154 PART 3 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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Pyrazinamide 24 Agent: pyrazinamide
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Ethambutol 25 Agent: ethambutol (EM
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Antifungal Drugs Part 4
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168 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs When th
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Polyenes 27 Agents: amphotericin B,
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chapter 27 Polyenes 173 1.5 mg/kg/d
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Antifungal Antimetabolites 28 Agent
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chapter 28 Antifungal Antimetabolit
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Fluconazole The introduction of flu
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chapter 29 Azoles 183 • The high
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186 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Adverse
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Voriconazole The introduction of vo
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chapter 29 Azoles 191 ■■ Import
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Posaconazole Posaconazole is the ne
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chapter 29 Azoles 195 inhibitors lo
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198 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Spectru
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Antiviral Drugs Part 5
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204 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The unde
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Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus and Varic
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chapter 32 Anti-HSV and VZV Agents
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212 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors 34 Agents:
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chapter 34 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
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220 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs the comm
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224 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs What The
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226 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Adverse
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228 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • NNRT
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230 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The drug
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232 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • The
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Integrase Inhibitors Agents: ralteg
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chapter 35 Antiretroviral Drugs 237
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240 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs from hea
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244 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs option f
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246 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Think of
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248 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs ribaviri
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250 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs administ
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Hepatitis B Nucleoside Analogs 39 A
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Antiparasitic Drugs Part 6
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258 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Tabl
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Quinolines 41 Agents: chloroquine,
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chapter 41 Quinolines 263 majority
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Atovaquone 42 Agents: atovaquone, a
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chapter 42 Atovaquone 267 Don’t F
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270 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Adve
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Pentamidine 44 Agent: pentamidine P
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chapter 44 Pentamidine 275 as appro
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278 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Spec
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Appendix 1 Selected Normal Human Fl
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Appendix 2 Spectrum of Activity A N
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284 appendix 2 and thus less likely
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286 appendix 2 Table A-2 Clinically
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Appendix 3 Empiric Regimens for Com
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290 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
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292 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
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294 Index Amoxicillin/clavulanate,
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296 Index Broad-spectrum antibacter
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298 Index Combivir, 221 Community-a
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300 Index Eukaryotes, 5, 203 Extend
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302 Index HIV (continued) anti-herp
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304 Index Minimum bactericidal conc
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306 Index PEG. See Polyethylene gly
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308 Index Pseudomonas (continued) P
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310 Index Sustained virologic respo
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