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220 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs the commonly used abbreviations for these agents so that you may recognize them in practice, but it is not acceptable to use these abbreviations in prescriptions and it is not recommended to use them in patient documentation.
Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Agents: tenofovir (TDF), emtricitabine (FTC), lamivudine (3TC), zidovudine (ZDV, AZT), abacavir (ABC), stavudine (d4T), didanosine (ddI) Combinations: emtricitabine/tenofovir (Truvada), abacavir/lamividune (Epzicom), lamivudine/zidovudine (Combivir), abacavir/ lamivudine/zidovudine (Trizivir) The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are the oldest class of antiretrovirals (tenofovir is technically a nucleotide but is grouped with these agents). A combination of two of these drugs typically forms the “backbone” of most anti- HIV regimens. Mechanism of Action The NRTIs inhibit the action of the virallyencoded protein reverse transcriptase by taking the place of nucleotides in the elongating strand of viral DNA, leading to early termination of the viral DNA strain. 221
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Antibiotics Simplified third EDITIO
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Contents Acknowledgments Introducti
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Contents v Chapter 28: Antifungal A
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Acknowledgments Our thanks go to th
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x Introduction ■■ How to Use Th
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New to the Third Edition The Third
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The Wonderful World of Microbiology
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chapter 1 Microbiology 5 More like
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chapter 1 Microbiology 7 Influenza
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chapter 1 Microbiology 9 Bacilli An
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chapter 1 Microbiology 11 Gram-nega
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chapter 1 Microbiology 13 Cocci Aer
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General Approach to Infectious Dise
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 17 Th
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 19 Su
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 21 al
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Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics 3 The t
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 25 Table
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 27 can b
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 29 becau
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 31 Table
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34 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy No vis
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36 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Table
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38 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy done i
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Adverse Consequences of Antibiotic
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 43 f
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 45 U
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Antibacterial Drugs Part 2
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50 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs to be
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52 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs is ne
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54 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Agen
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Aminopenicillins Agents: amoxicilli
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 61 Don’t F
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64 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Adver
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66 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs enhan
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68 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs good
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70 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Cefaz
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72 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs ■
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Third-Generation Cephalosporins Age
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 79 biliary e
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82 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs but o
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84 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs bind
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Carbapenems Agents: imipenem/cilast
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 89 and thus
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94 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Mecha
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96 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs as be
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98 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
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Aminoglycosides 9 Agents: gentamici
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
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Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines 10
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chapter 10 Tetracyclines 107 admini
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Macrolides and Ketolides 11 Agents:
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chapter 11 Macrolides and Ketolides
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Oxazolidinones 12 Agent: linezolid
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chapter 12 Oxazolidinones 115 What
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118 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spec
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Nitrofurans and Fosfomycin 14 Agent
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chapter 14 Nitrofurans and Fosfomyc
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Cyclic Lipopeptides 16 Agent: dapto
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chapter 16 Cyclic Lipopeptides 131
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136 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs What
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140 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Don
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144 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Beca
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146 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs asso
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Antimycobacterial Drugs 21 ■■ I
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chapter 21 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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154 PART 3 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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Pyrazinamide 24 Agent: pyrazinamide
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Ethambutol 25 Agent: ethambutol (EM
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Antifungal Drugs Part 4
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168 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs When th
Page 185 and 186: Polyenes 27 Agents: amphotericin B,
Page 187 and 188: chapter 27 Polyenes 173 1.5 mg/kg/d
Page 189 and 190: Antifungal Antimetabolites 28 Agent
Page 191: chapter 28 Antifungal Antimetabolit
Page 195 and 196: Fluconazole The introduction of flu
Page 197: chapter 29 Azoles 183 • The high
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Page 203 and 204: Voriconazole The introduction of vo
Page 205 and 206: chapter 29 Azoles 191 ■■ Import
Page 207 and 208: Posaconazole Posaconazole is the ne
Page 209: chapter 29 Azoles 195 inhibitors lo
Page 212 and 213: 198 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Spectru
Page 215: Antiviral Drugs Part 5
Page 218 and 219: 204 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The unde
Page 221 and 222: Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus and Varic
Page 223: chapter 32 Anti-HSV and VZV Agents
Page 226 and 227: 212 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
Page 229 and 230: Neuraminidase Inhibitors 34 Agents:
Page 231: chapter 34 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
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Page 249 and 250: Integrase Inhibitors Agents: ralteg
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Page 267 and 268: Hepatitis B Nucleoside Analogs 39 A
Page 269: Antiparasitic Drugs Part 6
Page 272 and 273: 258 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Tabl
Page 275 and 276: Quinolines 41 Agents: chloroquine,
Page 277 and 278: chapter 41 Quinolines 263 majority
Page 279 and 280: Atovaquone 42 Agents: atovaquone, a
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270 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Adve
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Pentamidine 44 Agent: pentamidine P
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chapter 44 Pentamidine 275 as appro
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278 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Spec
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Appendix 1 Selected Normal Human Fl
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Appendix 2 Spectrum of Activity A N
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284 appendix 2 and thus less likely
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286 appendix 2 Table A-2 Clinically
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Appendix 3 Empiric Regimens for Com
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290 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
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292 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
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294 Index Amoxicillin/clavulanate,
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296 Index Broad-spectrum antibacter
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298 Index Combivir, 221 Community-a
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300 Index Eukaryotes, 5, 203 Extend
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302 Index HIV (continued) anti-herp
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304 Index Minimum bactericidal conc
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306 Index PEG. See Polyethylene gly
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308 Index Pseudomonas (continued) P
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310 Index Sustained virologic respo
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