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8 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Gram-positive Cocci Anaerobic Aerobic Peptococcus Peptostreptococcus Clusters Catalase + Coagulase + Coagulase – Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus saprophyticus Figure 1–4 Gram-Positive Bacteria Rapid identification of Gram-positive bacteria based on morphology and preliminary biochemical tests can help to direct therapy. 1. Morphology: Most medically important Gram-positive pathogens are cocci (spheres) rather than bacilli (rods). The finding of Grampositive bacilli should be interpreted within the clinical context: in
chapter 1 Microbiology 9 Bacilli Anaerobic Aerobic Lactobacillus Propionibacterium Actinomyces Clostridium Corynebacterium Listeria Lactobacillus Gardnerella Bacillus Pairs/Chains Catalase – α-hemolysis β -hemolysis Nonhemolytic Streptococcus pneumoniae Viridans streptococci Streptococcus pyogenes (Grp A) Streptococcus agalactiae (Grp B) Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus faecalis blood cultures, Gram-positive bacilli often represent common skin contaminants (such as Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, and Bacillus species). Detection of Gram-positive bacilli from necrotizing wound infections suggests clostridial infection, whereas the finding of Gram-positive bacilli in CSF cultures raises the concern for Listeria.
Page 1 and 2: Antibiotics Simplified third EDITIO
Page 3 and 4: Contents Acknowledgments Introducti
Page 5 and 6: Contents v Chapter 28: Antifungal A
Page 7: Acknowledgments Our thanks go to th
Page 10 and 11: x Introduction ■■ How to Use Th
Page 13: New to the Third Edition The Third
Page 17 and 18: The Wonderful World of Microbiology
Page 19 and 20: chapter 1 Microbiology 5 More like
Page 21: chapter 1 Microbiology 7 Influenza
Page 25 and 26: chapter 1 Microbiology 11 Gram-nega
Page 27 and 28: chapter 1 Microbiology 13 Cocci Aer
Page 29 and 30: General Approach to Infectious Dise
Page 31 and 32: chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 17 Th
Page 33 and 34: chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 19 Su
Page 35 and 36: chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 21 al
Page 37 and 38: Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics 3 The t
Page 39 and 40: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 25 Table
Page 41 and 42: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 27 can b
Page 43 and 44: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 29 becau
Page 45: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 31 Table
Page 48 and 49: 34 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy No vis
Page 50 and 51: 36 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Table
Page 52 and 53: 38 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy done i
Page 55 and 56: Adverse Consequences of Antibiotic
Page 57 and 58: chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 43 f
Page 59 and 60: chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 45 U
Page 61: Antibacterial Drugs Part 2
Page 64 and 65: 50 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs to be
Page 66 and 67: 52 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs is ne
Page 68 and 69: 54 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
Page 71 and 72: Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Agen
Page 73 and 74:
Aminopenicillins Agents: amoxicilli
Page 75:
chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 61 Don’t F
Page 78 and 79:
64 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Adver
Page 80 and 81:
66 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs enhan
Page 82 and 83:
68 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs good
Page 84 and 85:
70 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Cefaz
Page 86 and 87:
72 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs ■
Page 88 and 89:
Page 91 and 92:
Third-Generation Cephalosporins Age
Page 93:
chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 79 biliary e
Page 96 and 97:
82 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs but o
Page 98 and 99:
84 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs bind
Page 100 and 101:
Carbapenems Agents: imipenem/cilast
Page 102:
chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 89 and thus
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
94 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Mecha
Page 109 and 110:
96 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs as be
Page 111 and 112:
98 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
Page 113 and 114:
chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
Page 115 and 116:
Aminoglycosides 9 Agents: gentamici
Page 117 and 118:
chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
Page 119 and 120:
Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines 10
Page 121 and 122:
chapter 10 Tetracyclines 107 admini
Page 123 and 124:
Macrolides and Ketolides 11 Agents:
Page 125 and 126:
chapter 11 Macrolides and Ketolides
Page 127 and 128:
Oxazolidinones 12 Agent: linezolid
Page 129:
chapter 12 Oxazolidinones 115 What
Page 132 and 133:
118 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spec
Page 135 and 136:
Nitrofurans and Fosfomycin 14 Agent
Page 137:
chapter 14 Nitrofurans and Fosfomyc
Page 140 and 141:
Page 143 and 144:
Cyclic Lipopeptides 16 Agent: dapto
Page 145:
chapter 16 Cyclic Lipopeptides 131
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
136 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs What
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
140 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Don
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Page 158 and 159:
144 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Beca
Page 160 and 161:
146 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs asso
Page 163 and 164:
Antimycobacterial Drugs 21 ■■ I
Page 165:
chapter 21 Antimycobacterial Drugs
Page 168 and 169:
154 PART 3 Antimycobacterial Drugs
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 175 and 176:
Pyrazinamide 24 Agent: pyrazinamide
Page 177 and 178:
Ethambutol 25 Agent: ethambutol (EM
Page 179:
Antifungal Drugs Part 4
Page 182 and 183:
168 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs When th
Page 185 and 186:
Polyenes 27 Agents: amphotericin B,
Page 187 and 188:
chapter 27 Polyenes 173 1.5 mg/kg/d
Page 189 and 190:
Antifungal Antimetabolites 28 Agent
Page 191:
chapter 28 Antifungal Antimetabolit
Page 195 and 196:
Fluconazole The introduction of flu
Page 197:
chapter 29 Azoles 183 • The high
Page 200 and 201:
186 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Adverse
Page 203 and 204:
Voriconazole The introduction of vo
Page 205 and 206:
chapter 29 Azoles 191 ■■ Import
Page 207 and 208:
Posaconazole Posaconazole is the ne
Page 209:
chapter 29 Azoles 195 inhibitors lo
Page 212 and 213:
198 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Spectru
Page 215:
Antiviral Drugs Part 5
Page 218 and 219:
204 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The unde
Page 221 and 222:
Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus and Varic
Page 223:
chapter 32 Anti-HSV and VZV Agents
Page 226 and 227:
212 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
Page 229 and 230:
Neuraminidase Inhibitors 34 Agents:
Page 231:
chapter 34 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Page 234 and 235:
220 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs the comm
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
224 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs What The
Page 240 and 241:
226 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Adverse
Page 242 and 243:
228 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • NNRT
Page 244 and 245:
230 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The drug
Page 246 and 247:
232 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • The
Page 249 and 250:
Integrase Inhibitors Agents: ralteg
Page 251:
chapter 35 Antiretroviral Drugs 237
Page 254 and 255:
240 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs from hea
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Page 258 and 259:
244 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs option f
Page 260 and 261:
246 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Think of
Page 262 and 263:
248 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs ribaviri
Page 264 and 265:
250 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs administ
Page 267 and 268:
Hepatitis B Nucleoside Analogs 39 A
Page 269:
Antiparasitic Drugs Part 6
Page 272 and 273:
258 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Tabl
Page 275 and 276:
Quinolines 41 Agents: chloroquine,
Page 277 and 278:
chapter 41 Quinolines 263 majority
Page 279 and 280:
Atovaquone 42 Agents: atovaquone, a
Page 281:
chapter 42 Atovaquone 267 Don’t F
Page 284 and 285:
270 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Adve
Page 287 and 288:
Pentamidine 44 Agent: pentamidine P
Page 289:
chapter 44 Pentamidine 275 as appro
Page 292 and 293:
278 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Spec
Page 294 and 295:
Appendix 1 Selected Normal Human Fl
Page 296 and 297:
Appendix 2 Spectrum of Activity A N
Page 298 and 299:
284 appendix 2 and thus less likely
Page 300 and 301:
286 appendix 2 Table A-2 Clinically
Page 302 and 303:
Appendix 3 Empiric Regimens for Com
Page 304 and 305:
290 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
Page 306 and 307:
292 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
Page 308 and 309:
294 Index Amoxicillin/clavulanate,
Page 310 and 311:
296 Index Broad-spectrum antibacter
Page 312 and 313:
298 Index Combivir, 221 Community-a
Page 314 and 315:
300 Index Eukaryotes, 5, 203 Extend
Page 316 and 317:
302 Index HIV (continued) anti-herp
Page 318 and 319:
304 Index Minimum bactericidal conc
Page 320 and 321:
306 Index PEG. See Polyethylene gly
Page 322 and 323:
308 Index Pseudomonas (continued) P
Page 324 and 325:
310 Index Sustained virologic respo
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