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302 Index HIV (continued) anti-herpes simplex virus agents and, 208 azithromycin and, 20 entry and fusion inhibitors and, 239, 240 folate antagonists and, 134 integrase inhibitors and, 235–237 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and, 221–224 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and, 228 protease inhibitors, 229–230, 232, 245–246, 247 rifamycins and, 154 Hives, 41, 70 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, 131 Hookworms, 269 Hospital-acquired pneumonia, 20, 84 HSV. See Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Hydrochlorothiazide, 136 Hydrocortisone, 172, 173 Hydroxychloroquine, described, 261–264 Hyperbilirubinemia, 79 Hyperglycemia, 274 Hyperinfection syndrome, Strongyloides, 277 Hyperkalemia, 134 Hyperlipidemia, 223, 227 Hypersensitivity, 154, 158, 222, 226–227 Hypertension, 21 Hyperuricemia, 161–162 Hypocalcemia, 274 Hypoglycemia, 262, 274 Hypoinsulinemia, 274 Hypokalemia, 274 Hypotension, 262, 273–274, 278 I Ideal body weight, 28 Imipenem cilastatin, 20–21 described, 87–89 Immunosuppressive therapy, 16 Indinavir (IDV), described, 229–233 Induction of enzymes, 30 Infectious diseases, general approach to case study, 21–22 definitive therapy, 18, 20–21 empiric therapy, 17–18, 20 prophylactic therapy, 16–17, 19–20 rapid diagnostics, 22 Influenza, 7, 203, 215–217, 249 Inhibition of enzymes, 30 Insomnia, 98, 226, 250, 262 Insulin, 223, 262, 274, 275 Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI), 235–237 Interferon-a 2a, described, 241–244 Interferon-b 2b, described, 241–244 Interferons, 245–247, 249–250 described, 241–244 Intestinal nematode infections, 270 Intestinal worm infections, 269, 270 Intra-abdominal infections, 68, 89, 139 Iron, 26 Isoniazid, 26, 155, 164 described, 157–159 Itraconazole, 26, 179, 189, 193 described, 185–187 Ivermectin, 258 described, 277–279 J Jaundice, 226 K Kaletra, 229, 230 Ketoconazole, 179 Ketolides, described, 109–112 Kingella, 13 Klebsiella, 12, 14, 97, 122 aminoglycosides and, 102 K. pneumoniae, 20, 142
Index 303 L Lactic acidosis, 114, 222, 254 Lactobacillus, 9 LAmB. See Liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) Lamivudine (3TC), 254 described, 221–224 Lansoprazole, 111 Legionella, 98 Leishmania, 273 leishmaniasis, 275 Levofloxacin, 20, 21, 25 described, 97–100 susceptibility breakpoints, 35, 36 Lice, 278, 279 Lincosamides, described, 137–140 Linezolid, 25 antibacterial activity of, 38 described, 113–115 Lipid formulations of amphotericin B, described, 171–174 Lipoatrophy, 223 Lipoglycopeptide, 93 Lipohypertrophy, 227, 231 Lipopeptides (cyclic), described, 129–131 Lipophilicity, 27 Lipopolysaccharide, 6 Liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB), 171, 173 Listeria, 9, 134 Liver abscess, 269 Liver transplant, 19 Lopinavir (LPV), 229–230 Loracarbef, described, 73–75 Lupus, 158 Lyme disease, 79 M MAC (Mycobacterium avium-intercellularae complex), 150 ethambutol (EMB) and, 163, 164 rifamycins and, 153–156 Macrobid, 123 Macrodantin, 123 Macrolides, 27, 31, 117, 145, 151, 232 antibacterial activity of, 38 described, 109–112 Malaria atovaquone and, 258, 265–266 lincosamides and, 138, 139 prophylaxis, 266 quinolines and, 258, 261–264 tetracyclines and, 106, 108 Malarone, 265 Mammals, 5 Maraviroc (MVC), described, 239–240 MBC. See Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) Mefloquine, described, 261–264 Meningitis, 29, 37, 88, 111, 176, 177 cephalosporins and, 79, 82 community-acquired, 78 listerial, 136 vancomycin and, 79 Mental illness, 226 Meperidine, 173 Meropenem, 20 described, 87–89 Metabolism/excretion defined, 29–31 examples of antibiotics, 31 Methadone, 232 Methicillin, 136. See also MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus); MSSA (methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) described, 57–58 Metronidazole, 25, 75, 137, 146, 258 antibacterial activity of, 38 described, 117–119 Mezlocillin, described, 63–64 MIC. See Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Micafungin, described, 197–199 Microbiological susceptibility testing, 29 Microbiology of bacteria, 3–14 Microdilution plates, 33 Minerals, absorption impaired by, 26
Page 1 and 2:
Antibiotics Simplified third EDITIO
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Contents Acknowledgments Introducti
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Contents v Chapter 28: Antifungal A
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Acknowledgments Our thanks go to th
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x Introduction ■■ How to Use Th
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New to the Third Edition The Third
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The Wonderful World of Microbiology
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chapter 1 Microbiology 5 More like
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chapter 1 Microbiology 7 Influenza
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chapter 1 Microbiology 9 Bacilli An
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chapter 1 Microbiology 11 Gram-nega
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chapter 1 Microbiology 13 Cocci Aer
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General Approach to Infectious Dise
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 17 Th
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 19 Su
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 21 al
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Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics 3 The t
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 25 Table
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 27 can b
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 29 becau
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 31 Table
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34 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy No vis
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36 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Table
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38 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy done i
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Adverse Consequences of Antibiotic
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 43 f
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 45 U
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Antibacterial Drugs Part 2
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50 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs to be
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52 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs is ne
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54 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Agen
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Aminopenicillins Agents: amoxicilli
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 61 Don’t F
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64 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Adver
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66 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs enhan
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68 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs good
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70 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Cefaz
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72 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs ■
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Third-Generation Cephalosporins Age
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 79 biliary e
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82 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs but o
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84 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs bind
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Carbapenems Agents: imipenem/cilast
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 89 and thus
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94 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Mecha
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96 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs as be
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98 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
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Aminoglycosides 9 Agents: gentamici
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
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Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines 10
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chapter 10 Tetracyclines 107 admini
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Macrolides and Ketolides 11 Agents:
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chapter 11 Macrolides and Ketolides
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Oxazolidinones 12 Agent: linezolid
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chapter 12 Oxazolidinones 115 What
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118 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spec
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Nitrofurans and Fosfomycin 14 Agent
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chapter 14 Nitrofurans and Fosfomyc
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Cyclic Lipopeptides 16 Agent: dapto
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chapter 16 Cyclic Lipopeptides 131
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136 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs What
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140 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Don
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144 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Beca
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146 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs asso
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Antimycobacterial Drugs 21 ■■ I
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chapter 21 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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154 PART 3 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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Pyrazinamide 24 Agent: pyrazinamide
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Ethambutol 25 Agent: ethambutol (EM
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Antifungal Drugs Part 4
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168 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs When th
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Polyenes 27 Agents: amphotericin B,
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chapter 27 Polyenes 173 1.5 mg/kg/d
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Antifungal Antimetabolites 28 Agent
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chapter 28 Antifungal Antimetabolit
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Fluconazole The introduction of flu
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chapter 29 Azoles 183 • The high
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186 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Adverse
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Voriconazole The introduction of vo
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chapter 29 Azoles 191 ■■ Import
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Posaconazole Posaconazole is the ne
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chapter 29 Azoles 195 inhibitors lo
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198 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Spectru
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Antiviral Drugs Part 5
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204 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The unde
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Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus and Varic
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chapter 32 Anti-HSV and VZV Agents
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212 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors 34 Agents:
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chapter 34 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
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220 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs the comm
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224 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs What The
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226 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Adverse
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228 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • NNRT
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230 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The drug
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232 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • The
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Integrase Inhibitors Agents: ralteg
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chapter 35 Antiretroviral Drugs 237
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240 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs from hea
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244 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs option f
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246 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Think of
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248 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs ribaviri
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250 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs administ
Page 267 and 268: Hepatitis B Nucleoside Analogs 39 A
Page 269: Antiparasitic Drugs Part 6
Page 272 and 273: 258 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Tabl
Page 275 and 276: Quinolines 41 Agents: chloroquine,
Page 277 and 278: chapter 41 Quinolines 263 majority
Page 279 and 280: Atovaquone 42 Agents: atovaquone, a
Page 281: chapter 42 Atovaquone 267 Don’t F
Page 284 and 285: 270 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Adve
Page 287 and 288: Pentamidine 44 Agent: pentamidine P
Page 289: chapter 44 Pentamidine 275 as appro
Page 292 and 293: 278 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Spec
Page 294 and 295: Appendix 1 Selected Normal Human Fl
Page 296 and 297: Appendix 2 Spectrum of Activity A N
Page 298 and 299: 284 appendix 2 and thus less likely
Page 300 and 301: 286 appendix 2 Table A-2 Clinically
Page 302 and 303: Appendix 3 Empiric Regimens for Com
Page 304 and 305: 290 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
Page 306 and 307: 292 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
Page 308 and 309: 294 Index Amoxicillin/clavulanate,
Page 310 and 311: 296 Index Broad-spectrum antibacter
Page 312 and 313: 298 Index Combivir, 221 Community-a
Page 314 and 315: 300 Index Eukaryotes, 5, 203 Extend
Page 318 and 319: 304 Index Minimum bactericidal conc
Page 320 and 321: 306 Index PEG. See Polyethylene gly
Page 322 and 323: 308 Index Pseudomonas (continued) P
Page 324 and 325: 310 Index Sustained virologic respo
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