294 Index Amoxicillin/clavulanate, described, 65–68 Amphotericin B, 175–177, 181, 189, 190 described, 171–174 formulation of posaconazole, 194 lipid complex, 171 Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD), 171–173 Ampicillin, 20, 63, 66, 79 described, 59–61 Ampicillin/sulbactam, described, 65–68 Anaerobes, 22, 91, 98, 102, 106, 110, 113, 134, 142 carbapenems and, 87, 89 cephalosporins and, 71, 73–75, 77, 81, 84 lincosamides and, 137, 138 nitroimidazoles and, 117–119 penicillins and, 57, 59, 63, 65–67 Anaphylaxis, 41, 49, 70 Ancylostoma, 279 A. brazilense, 278 Anemia, 222, 242, 250, 251 Anidulafungin, described, 197–199 Antacids, 26 Anthrax, 100, 108 Antibiotic allergy, 41–42 Antibiotic, defined, 15 Antibiotic pharmacodynamics defined, 33 pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic relationships, 38–39 static versus cidal, 37–38 susceptibility testing, 33–36 Antibiotic pharmacokinetics absorption, 23–26 defined, 23 distribution, 26–29 metabolism/excretion, 29–31 Antibiotic resistance, 43–44 Antibiotic toxicities, 42 Antifungal antimetabolites, described, 175–177 Antifungal drugs, introduction to, 167–169. See also individual drugs Antifungal pharmacotherapy, 168–169 of azoles, 179 of fluconazole, 181 of itraconazole, 185 Anti-herpes simplex virus, described, 207–209 Antihistamines, 94, 226 Anti-HIV therapy, pentamidine, 273 Anti-infective drug, 15 Antimetabolites, described, 175–177 Antimicrobial agents, 18 Antimicrobial chemotherapy, 16 Antimicrobial drug, 15 Antimicrobial prophylaxis, 17 Antimycobacterial drugs, introduction to, 149–151. See also individual drugs Antiparasitic drugs, introduction to, 257–259. See also individual drugs Antipseudomonal penicillins, 62, 63–64 Antiretroviral drugs, introduction to, 219–220. See also individual drugs Antiretrovirals, 31 Antiretroviral therapy, integrase inhibitors, 237 Antistaphylococcal penicillins, 52, 57–58, 72 Antituberculosis drugs, 31 Antiviral drugs, described, 203–205. See also individual drugs Antiviral interferons, described, 241–244 Anxiety, 242 Arabinogalactan, 163 cell wall polysaccharides components, 149 Archaea, 4 Area under the concentration– time curve (“AUC”), 23
Index 295 Aribinosyl transferase III, 163 Arrhythmias, 98, 262, 274 Arteminsins, 258 Arthralgia, 98, 126, 162 Ascaris, 5, 258 A. lumbricoides, 269 Aspergillosis, 20, 185, 187, 189, 191 Aspergillus, 5, 167, 193, 198 aspergillosis, 20, 185, 187, 189, 191 A. terreus, 172 polyenes and, 172 voriconazole, 20 voriconazole and, 189 Asthma, 216, 274 Atazanavir (ATZ), 26, 223 described, 229–233 Atovaquone described, 265–267 proguanil, 265–267 Atripla, 225, 228 Atypical bacteria, 4 Atypical mycobacterial infections, 111 Atypicals, 102, 106 Avoidance of antibiotic use, 44 Azithromycin, 20 described, 109–112 Azoles, 171, 197. See also individual drugs antifungals, 31 introduction to, 179 Aztreonam, 49 described, 91–92 B Babesia, 265 Bacillus, 9 Bacteremia, 131, 143 Bacteria, microbiology of, 3–14 Bactericidal drugs, bacteriostatic versus, 37–38 Bacteriostatic drugs versus bactericidal drugs, 37–38 macrolides, 109–112 Bartonella, 13 Benzathine, 54 Benzimidazoles, described, 269–271 Benzodiazepines, 232 b-hemolysis, 9 Beta-lactamases beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, 65–68 cephalosporins and, 70, 73 extended-spectrum (ESBL), 66, 87, 89 inhibitors, 52, 64, 75 penicillins and, 57–59, 63, 65–68, 70 Beta-lactams, 30, 39, 41, 42, 87, 100, 111, 121, 129, 137, 139, 149. See also individual drugs aminoglycosides and, 101, 102, 104 beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, 65–68 introduction to, 49–50 MSSA and, 58 seizures and, 49–50, 88–89 Staphylococci and, 50, 58, 96 B. fragilis group, 12, 75, 118, 137, 145 Bioavailability, 212 for antibiotics, 24, 25 of fluoroquinolones, 99 Birth defects, ribavirin, 250 Bladder infections, 30 Blastomyces, 5, 167 Bleeding, 74 Blood, concentration of antibiotic in, 27 Blood pressure, 263 Boceprevir, 245–248 Bone marrow suppression, 114, 115, 134, 176, 222 Bone marrow transplant, 20 Bowel decontamination, 143 Bowel inflammation, 43 Breakpoints defined, 34 examples of, 35–36 Broader-spectrum agent, 45 Broader-spectrum azole, 185–187
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Antibiotics Simplified third EDITIO
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Contents Acknowledgments Introducti
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Contents v Chapter 28: Antifungal A
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Acknowledgments Our thanks go to th
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x Introduction ■■ How to Use Th
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New to the Third Edition The Third
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The Wonderful World of Microbiology
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chapter 1 Microbiology 5 More like
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chapter 1 Microbiology 7 Influenza
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chapter 1 Microbiology 9 Bacilli An
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chapter 1 Microbiology 11 Gram-nega
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chapter 1 Microbiology 13 Cocci Aer
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General Approach to Infectious Dise
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34 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy No vis
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Adverse Consequences of Antibiotic
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Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Agen
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Oxazolidinones 12 Agent: linezolid
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Pyrazinamide 24 Agent: pyrazinamide
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Ethambutol 25 Agent: ethambutol (EM
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Polyenes 27 Agents: amphotericin B,
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Fluconazole The introduction of flu
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