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304 Index Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 37 Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 28, 33–35, 37–39, 96 Minocycline, described, 105–108 Mold infections, voriconazole, treatment of, 189 Monoamine oxidase (MAO), 114 Monobactams, 49, 91–92 antibacterial activity of, 38 Moraxella, 13 M. catarrhalis, 110 Moxifloxacin, 151 described, 97–100 MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) aminoglycosides and, 102 beta-lactams and, 50 carbapenems and, 88 cephalosporins and, 50, 71, 73, 77, 81, 84 cyclic lipopeptides and, 129, 130 folate antagonists and, 134 glycopeptides and, 93, 94, 96 lincosamides and, 137, 138 oxazolidinones and, 113, 115 penicillins and, 57, 66, 83, 84, 88 rifamycins and, 153 streptogramins and, 125, 126, 127 tetracyclines and, 106 vancomycin and, 20–21, 22, 50, 93, 96 MSSA (methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus), 52 beta-lactams and, 58, 95–96 cephalosporins and, 71, 72, 77, 81, 84 cyclic lipopeptides and, 129 fluoroquinolones and, 98 glycopeptides and, 94, 95–96 oxazolidinones and, 113 penicillins and, 57, 58, 66 streptogramins and, 126 vancomycin and, 95–96 Mucositis, 195 Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), 150–151 Musculoskeletal system, fluoroquinolones and, 98 Myalgia, 126, 278 Mycobacteria, 104 introduction to, 149–151 Mycobacterium. See also MAC (Mycobacterium avium-intercellularae complex); Tuberculosis M. avium, 110 M. avium-intracellulare, 20, 150–151, 163 M. kansasii, 157, 163 M. tuberculosis, 104, 113, 149, 155, 157, 161, 163 Mycoplasma, 4, 98 M. pneumoniae, 50 Myositis, 236 N Nafcillin, 96 described, 57–58 Narrow-spectrum agent, 45 Narrow-spectrum therapy, 18 Nausea, 106, 110, 118, 122, 146, 154, 194, 208, 212, 216, 222, 231, 246, 263, 265 Necator americanus, 269 Necrolysis, 134 Neisseria, 13 N. gonorrheae, 73 N. meningitidis, 13 Nelfinavir (NFV), described, 229–233 Nematode, 257 infections, ivermectin, 278 Nephritis acute interstitial (AIN), 208 pyelo-, 20, 79, 121, 123, 135 Nephrotoxicity, 208, 223, 231, 274 aminoglycosides and, 102 anti-cytomegalovirus agents and, 212, 213 glycopeptides and, 94, 95 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and, 223, 231
Index 305 polyenes and, 171, 172, 173 polymyxins and, 142, 144 voriconazole and, 190, 191 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 228 described, 221–224 Neuraminidase inhibitors, described, 215–217 Neuritis, optic, 157–158, 163, 164 Neurocysticercosis, 269 Neurology, aminoglycosides and, 102 Neuromuscular blockade, 102 Neuropathy, 114, 118, 157, 159 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 221 Neurosyphilis, 55 Neurotoxicity, 142, 157, 212 Neutropenia, 37, 89, 104, 191, 199, 222, 242, 270 cephalosporins and, 79, 82 posaconazole and, 193, 195 Nevirapine (NVP), described, 225–228 Nitrofurans, described, 121–123 Nitrofurantoin, 135 concentrations of, 30 described, 121–123 Nitroimidazoles, described, 117–119 N-methylthiotetrazole (MTT) cephalosporins, 74, 78 Nocardia, 113, 134 Nodule formation, 239 Noncompetitive inhibitor, 211 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 225–228, 231, 236 Non-pegylated interferons, 242 Nonsterile sites, infection in, 4 Norwegian scabies, 277 Nosocomial infections, 60, 64, 67, 78, 79, 81, 82, 88, 92 Nosocomial pneumonia, 67, 68, 82, 83, 89 NRTIs. See Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) Nucleoside, 133 Nucleoside analogs, 211, 243–244 hepatitis B, 253–254 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 253 Nucleotide analogs, 243–244 Nystatin, described, 171–174 O Obesity, 103 drug distribution, 28–29 Onchocerca, 279 O. vovulus, 278 Onychomycosis, 187 Oral absorption of albendazole, 270 Oral antibiotics, examples of absorption for, 25 Oral bioavailability, 24 Oral cavity infections, 137, 139 Oral formulation of fluconazole, 181 of itraconazole, 186 of linezolid, 114 of voriconazole, 189 Oral medications of metronidazole, 119 Oral vancomycin, 119 Organ rejection, 154 Oritavancin, 93 Oropharyngeal candidiasis, 193, 195 Oseltamivir, described, 215–217 Osteomyelitis, 37, 104 Otitis media, 60 Ototoxicity, 94 aminoglycosides and, 102 Oxacillin, 21, 22 described, 57–58 Oxazolidinones, described, 113–115 P Pancreatitis, 118, 222, 274 Paracoccidioides, 167 Paralysis, 277 Parasites, 5 Paresthesias, 142 Paromomycin, 258 Pediculus humanus, 278
Page 1 and 2:
Antibiotics Simplified third EDITIO
Page 3 and 4:
Contents Acknowledgments Introducti
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Contents v Chapter 28: Antifungal A
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Acknowledgments Our thanks go to th
Page 10 and 11:
x Introduction ■■ How to Use Th
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New to the Third Edition The Third
Page 17 and 18:
The Wonderful World of Microbiology
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chapter 1 Microbiology 5 More like
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chapter 1 Microbiology 7 Influenza
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chapter 1 Microbiology 9 Bacilli An
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chapter 1 Microbiology 11 Gram-nega
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chapter 1 Microbiology 13 Cocci Aer
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General Approach to Infectious Dise
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 17 Th
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 19 Su
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 21 al
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Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics 3 The t
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 25 Table
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 27 can b
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 29 becau
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 31 Table
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34 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy No vis
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36 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Table
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38 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy done i
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Adverse Consequences of Antibiotic
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 43 f
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 45 U
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Antibacterial Drugs Part 2
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50 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs to be
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52 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs is ne
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54 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Agen
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Aminopenicillins Agents: amoxicilli
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 61 Don’t F
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64 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Adver
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66 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs enhan
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68 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs good
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70 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Cefaz
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72 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs ■
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Third-Generation Cephalosporins Age
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 79 biliary e
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82 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs but o
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84 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs bind
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Carbapenems Agents: imipenem/cilast
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 89 and thus
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94 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Mecha
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96 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs as be
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98 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
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Aminoglycosides 9 Agents: gentamici
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
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Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines 10
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chapter 10 Tetracyclines 107 admini
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Macrolides and Ketolides 11 Agents:
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chapter 11 Macrolides and Ketolides
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Oxazolidinones 12 Agent: linezolid
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chapter 12 Oxazolidinones 115 What
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118 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spec
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Nitrofurans and Fosfomycin 14 Agent
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chapter 14 Nitrofurans and Fosfomyc
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Cyclic Lipopeptides 16 Agent: dapto
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chapter 16 Cyclic Lipopeptides 131
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136 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs What
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140 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Don
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144 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Beca
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146 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs asso
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Antimycobacterial Drugs 21 ■■ I
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chapter 21 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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154 PART 3 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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Pyrazinamide 24 Agent: pyrazinamide
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Ethambutol 25 Agent: ethambutol (EM
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Antifungal Drugs Part 4
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168 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs When th
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Polyenes 27 Agents: amphotericin B,
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chapter 27 Polyenes 173 1.5 mg/kg/d
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Antifungal Antimetabolites 28 Agent
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chapter 28 Antifungal Antimetabolit
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Fluconazole The introduction of flu
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chapter 29 Azoles 183 • The high
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186 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Adverse
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Voriconazole The introduction of vo
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chapter 29 Azoles 191 ■■ Import
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Posaconazole Posaconazole is the ne
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chapter 29 Azoles 195 inhibitors lo
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198 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Spectru
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Antiviral Drugs Part 5
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204 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The unde
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Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus and Varic
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chapter 32 Anti-HSV and VZV Agents
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212 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors 34 Agents:
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chapter 34 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
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220 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs the comm
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224 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs What The
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226 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Adverse
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228 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • NNRT
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230 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The drug
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232 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • The
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Integrase Inhibitors Agents: ralteg
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chapter 35 Antiretroviral Drugs 237
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240 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs from hea
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244 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs option f
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246 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Think of
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248 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs ribaviri
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250 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs administ
Page 267 and 268: Hepatitis B Nucleoside Analogs 39 A
Page 269: Antiparasitic Drugs Part 6
Page 272 and 273: 258 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Tabl
Page 275 and 276: Quinolines 41 Agents: chloroquine,
Page 277 and 278: chapter 41 Quinolines 263 majority
Page 279 and 280: Atovaquone 42 Agents: atovaquone, a
Page 281: chapter 42 Atovaquone 267 Don’t F
Page 284 and 285: 270 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Adve
Page 287 and 288: Pentamidine 44 Agent: pentamidine P
Page 289: chapter 44 Pentamidine 275 as appro
Page 292 and 293: 278 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Spec
Page 294 and 295: Appendix 1 Selected Normal Human Fl
Page 296 and 297: Appendix 2 Spectrum of Activity A N
Page 298 and 299: 284 appendix 2 and thus less likely
Page 300 and 301: 286 appendix 2 Table A-2 Clinically
Page 302 and 303: Appendix 3 Empiric Regimens for Com
Page 304 and 305: 290 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
Page 306 and 307: 292 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
Page 308 and 309: 294 Index Amoxicillin/clavulanate,
Page 310 and 311: 296 Index Broad-spectrum antibacter
Page 312 and 313: 298 Index Combivir, 221 Community-a
Page 314 and 315: 300 Index Eukaryotes, 5, 203 Extend
Page 316 and 317: 302 Index HIV (continued) anti-herp
Page 320 and 321: 306 Index PEG. See Polyethylene gly
Page 322 and 323: 308 Index Pseudomonas (continued) P
Page 324 and 325: 310 Index Sustained virologic respo
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