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Appendix 3 Empiric Regimens for Common Infections Infection Common Pathogens Patient/Infection Factors Initial Empiric Therapy Options Doxycycline or Azithromycin or Clarithromycin Communityacquired pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydophilia pneumoniae Legionella pneumophila Outpatient, otherwise healthy, no recent antibiotic exposure Outpatient, comorbidities and/or recent antibiotic exposure Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin or Gemifloxacin -OR- Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin/clavulanate or Cefuroxime -Plus- Azithromycin or Clarithromycin Inpatient, non-ICU Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin -OR- Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime or Ampicillin or Ertapenem -Plus- Azithromycin or Clarithromycin or Doxycycline Inpatient, ICU Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime or Ampicillin/sulbactam -Plus- Azithromycin or Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin
appendix 3 Empiric Regimens 289 Healthcareassociated pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) Escherichia coli Klebsiella pnueumoniae As above plus: Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Enterobacter species Proteus species Serratia species Pseudomonas aeruginosa Otitis media Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Moraxaella catarrhalis Early-onset (within five days of hospitalization) and no recent antibiotic exposure Late-onset (after five days of hospitalization) and/or recent antibiotic exposure Mild-moderate otalgia with temperature # 39°C Severe otalgia and/or temperature $ 39°C Ceftriaxone or Ampicillin/sulbactam or Ertapenem or Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin or Ciprofloxacin Cefepime or Ceftazidime or Imipenem or Meropenem or Piperacillin/tazobactam or Aztreonam -Plus- Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin or Gentamicin or Tobramycin or Amikacin -Plus- Vancomycin or Linezolid Amoxicillin or Cefuroxime or Cefpodoxime or Azithromycin Amoxicillin/clavulanate or Ceftriaxone (Continues)
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Antibiotics Simplified third EDITIO
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Contents Acknowledgments Introducti
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Contents v Chapter 28: Antifungal A
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Acknowledgments Our thanks go to th
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x Introduction ■■ How to Use Th
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New to the Third Edition The Third
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The Wonderful World of Microbiology
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chapter 1 Microbiology 5 More like
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chapter 1 Microbiology 7 Influenza
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chapter 1 Microbiology 9 Bacilli An
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chapter 1 Microbiology 11 Gram-nega
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chapter 1 Microbiology 13 Cocci Aer
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General Approach to Infectious Dise
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 17 Th
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 19 Su
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 21 al
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Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics 3 The t
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 25 Table
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 27 can b
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 29 becau
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 31 Table
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34 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy No vis
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36 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Table
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38 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy done i
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Adverse Consequences of Antibiotic
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 43 f
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 45 U
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Antibacterial Drugs Part 2
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50 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs to be
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52 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs is ne
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54 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Agen
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Aminopenicillins Agents: amoxicilli
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 61 Don’t F
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64 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Adver
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66 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs enhan
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68 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs good
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70 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Cefaz
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72 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs ■
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Third-Generation Cephalosporins Age
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 79 biliary e
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82 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs but o
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84 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs bind
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Carbapenems Agents: imipenem/cilast
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 89 and thus
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94 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Mecha
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96 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs as be
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98 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
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Aminoglycosides 9 Agents: gentamici
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
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Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines 10
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chapter 10 Tetracyclines 107 admini
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Macrolides and Ketolides 11 Agents:
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chapter 11 Macrolides and Ketolides
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Oxazolidinones 12 Agent: linezolid
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chapter 12 Oxazolidinones 115 What
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118 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spec
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Nitrofurans and Fosfomycin 14 Agent
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chapter 14 Nitrofurans and Fosfomyc
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Cyclic Lipopeptides 16 Agent: dapto
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chapter 16 Cyclic Lipopeptides 131
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136 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs What
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140 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Don
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144 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Beca
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146 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs asso
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Antimycobacterial Drugs 21 ■■ I
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chapter 21 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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154 PART 3 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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Pyrazinamide 24 Agent: pyrazinamide
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Ethambutol 25 Agent: ethambutol (EM
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Antifungal Drugs Part 4
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168 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs When th
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Polyenes 27 Agents: amphotericin B,
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chapter 27 Polyenes 173 1.5 mg/kg/d
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Antifungal Antimetabolites 28 Agent
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chapter 28 Antifungal Antimetabolit
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Fluconazole The introduction of flu
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chapter 29 Azoles 183 • The high
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186 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Adverse
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Voriconazole The introduction of vo
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chapter 29 Azoles 191 ■■ Import
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Posaconazole Posaconazole is the ne
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chapter 29 Azoles 195 inhibitors lo
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198 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Spectru
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Antiviral Drugs Part 5
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204 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The unde
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Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus and Varic
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chapter 32 Anti-HSV and VZV Agents
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212 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors 34 Agents:
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chapter 34 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
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220 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs the comm
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222 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
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224 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs What The
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226 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Adverse
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228 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • NNRT
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230 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The drug
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232 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • The
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Integrase Inhibitors Agents: ralteg
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Page 262 and 263: 248 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs ribaviri
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Page 267 and 268: Hepatitis B Nucleoside Analogs 39 A
Page 269: Antiparasitic Drugs Part 6
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Page 275 and 276: Quinolines 41 Agents: chloroquine,
Page 277 and 278: chapter 41 Quinolines 263 majority
Page 279 and 280: Atovaquone 42 Agents: atovaquone, a
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Page 287 and 288: Pentamidine 44 Agent: pentamidine P
Page 289: chapter 44 Pentamidine 275 as appro
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Page 294 and 295: Appendix 1 Selected Normal Human Fl
Page 296 and 297: Appendix 2 Spectrum of Activity A N
Page 298 and 299: 284 appendix 2 and thus less likely
Page 300 and 301: 286 appendix 2 Table A-2 Clinically
Page 304 and 305: 290 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
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Page 308 and 309: 294 Index Amoxicillin/clavulanate,
Page 310 and 311: 296 Index Broad-spectrum antibacter
Page 312 and 313: 298 Index Combivir, 221 Community-a
Page 314 and 315: 300 Index Eukaryotes, 5, 203 Extend
Page 316 and 317: 302 Index HIV (continued) anti-herp
Page 318 and 319: 304 Index Minimum bactericidal conc
Page 320 and 321: 306 Index PEG. See Polyethylene gly
Page 322 and 323: 308 Index Pseudomonas (continued) P
Page 324 and 325: 310 Index Sustained virologic respo
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