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12 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Gram-negative Bacilli Anaerobic Bacteroides Prevotella Fusobacterium Rapid growth on standard agar Glucose fermenters Nonfermenters Vibrio Aeromonas Enterobacteriaceae: Escherichia Klebsiella Serratia Enterobacter Citrobacter Proteus Salmonella Shigella Pseudomonas Acinetobacter* Stenotrophomonas Burkholderia Figure 1–5 Gram-Negative Bacteria Preliminary identification is somewhat less useful with the Gram-negative bacteria because more extensive biochemical tests are usually needed to differentiate among them. 1. Morphology: Among Gram-negative pathogens, the bacilli predominate. The situation in which identification of Gram-negative cocci
chapter 1 Microbiology 13 Cocci Aerobic Neisseria Moraxella* Fastidious organisms Haemophilus* Campylobacter Helicobacter Bartonella HACEK organisms † * = these organisms may appear as coccobacilli † = Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella would be most useful is in the setting of meningitis, where this finding would strongly suggest Neisseria meningitidis. Note also that some organisms have an intermediate or “coccobacillary” appearance, which may suggest Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella, or Acinetobacter.
Page 1 and 2: Antibiotics Simplified third EDITIO
Page 3 and 4: Contents Acknowledgments Introducti
Page 5 and 6: Contents v Chapter 28: Antifungal A
Page 7: Acknowledgments Our thanks go to th
Page 10 and 11: x Introduction ■■ How to Use Th
Page 13: New to the Third Edition The Third
Page 17 and 18: The Wonderful World of Microbiology
Page 19 and 20: chapter 1 Microbiology 5 More like
Page 21 and 22: chapter 1 Microbiology 7 Influenza
Page 23 and 24: chapter 1 Microbiology 9 Bacilli An
Page 25: chapter 1 Microbiology 11 Gram-nega
Page 29 and 30: General Approach to Infectious Dise
Page 31 and 32: chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 17 Th
Page 33 and 34: chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 19 Su
Page 35 and 36: chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 21 al
Page 37 and 38: Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics 3 The t
Page 39 and 40: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 25 Table
Page 41 and 42: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 27 can b
Page 43 and 44: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 29 becau
Page 45: chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 31 Table
Page 48 and 49: 34 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy No vis
Page 50 and 51: 36 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Table
Page 52 and 53: 38 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy done i
Page 55 and 56: Adverse Consequences of Antibiotic
Page 57 and 58: chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 43 f
Page 59 and 60: chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 45 U
Page 61: Antibacterial Drugs Part 2
Page 64 and 65: 50 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs to be
Page 66 and 67: 52 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs is ne
Page 68 and 69: 54 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
Page 71 and 72: Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Agen
Page 73 and 74: Aminopenicillins Agents: amoxicilli
Page 75: chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 61 Don’t F
Page 78 and 79:
64 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Adver
Page 80 and 81:
66 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs enhan
Page 82 and 83:
68 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs good
Page 84 and 85:
70 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Cefaz
Page 86 and 87:
72 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs ■
Page 88 and 89:
Page 91 and 92:
Third-Generation Cephalosporins Age
Page 93:
chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 79 biliary e
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82 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs but o
Page 98 and 99:
84 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs bind
Page 100 and 101:
Carbapenems Agents: imipenem/cilast
Page 102:
chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 89 and thus
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
94 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Mecha
Page 109 and 110:
96 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs as be
Page 111 and 112:
98 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
Page 113 and 114:
chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
Page 115 and 116:
Aminoglycosides 9 Agents: gentamici
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
Page 119 and 120:
Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines 10
Page 121 and 122:
chapter 10 Tetracyclines 107 admini
Page 123 and 124:
Macrolides and Ketolides 11 Agents:
Page 125 and 126:
chapter 11 Macrolides and Ketolides
Page 127 and 128:
Oxazolidinones 12 Agent: linezolid
Page 129:
chapter 12 Oxazolidinones 115 What
Page 132 and 133:
118 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spec
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Nitrofurans and Fosfomycin 14 Agent
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chapter 14 Nitrofurans and Fosfomyc
Page 140 and 141:
Page 143 and 144:
Cyclic Lipopeptides 16 Agent: dapto
Page 145:
chapter 16 Cyclic Lipopeptides 131
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
136 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs What
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
140 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Don
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Page 158 and 159:
144 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Beca
Page 160 and 161:
146 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs asso
Page 163 and 164:
Antimycobacterial Drugs 21 ■■ I
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chapter 21 Antimycobacterial Drugs
Page 168 and 169:
154 PART 3 Antimycobacterial Drugs
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 175 and 176:
Pyrazinamide 24 Agent: pyrazinamide
Page 177 and 178:
Ethambutol 25 Agent: ethambutol (EM
Page 179:
Antifungal Drugs Part 4
Page 182 and 183:
168 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs When th
Page 185 and 186:
Polyenes 27 Agents: amphotericin B,
Page 187 and 188:
chapter 27 Polyenes 173 1.5 mg/kg/d
Page 189 and 190:
Antifungal Antimetabolites 28 Agent
Page 191:
chapter 28 Antifungal Antimetabolit
Page 195 and 196:
Fluconazole The introduction of flu
Page 197:
chapter 29 Azoles 183 • The high
Page 200 and 201:
186 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Adverse
Page 203 and 204:
Voriconazole The introduction of vo
Page 205 and 206:
chapter 29 Azoles 191 ■■ Import
Page 207 and 208:
Posaconazole Posaconazole is the ne
Page 209:
chapter 29 Azoles 195 inhibitors lo
Page 212 and 213:
198 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Spectru
Page 215:
Antiviral Drugs Part 5
Page 218 and 219:
204 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The unde
Page 221 and 222:
Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus and Varic
Page 223:
chapter 32 Anti-HSV and VZV Agents
Page 226 and 227:
212 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
Page 229 and 230:
Neuraminidase Inhibitors 34 Agents:
Page 231:
chapter 34 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Page 234 and 235:
220 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs the comm
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
224 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs What The
Page 240 and 241:
226 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Adverse
Page 242 and 243:
228 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • NNRT
Page 244 and 245:
230 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The drug
Page 246 and 247:
232 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • The
Page 249 and 250:
Integrase Inhibitors Agents: ralteg
Page 251:
chapter 35 Antiretroviral Drugs 237
Page 254 and 255:
240 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs from hea
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Page 258 and 259:
244 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs option f
Page 260 and 261:
246 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Think of
Page 262 and 263:
248 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs ribaviri
Page 264 and 265:
250 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs administ
Page 267 and 268:
Hepatitis B Nucleoside Analogs 39 A
Page 269:
Antiparasitic Drugs Part 6
Page 272 and 273:
258 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Tabl
Page 275 and 276:
Quinolines 41 Agents: chloroquine,
Page 277 and 278:
chapter 41 Quinolines 263 majority
Page 279 and 280:
Atovaquone 42 Agents: atovaquone, a
Page 281:
chapter 42 Atovaquone 267 Don’t F
Page 284 and 285:
270 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Adve
Page 287 and 288:
Pentamidine 44 Agent: pentamidine P
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chapter 44 Pentamidine 275 as appro
Page 292 and 293:
278 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Spec
Page 294 and 295:
Appendix 1 Selected Normal Human Fl
Page 296 and 297:
Appendix 2 Spectrum of Activity A N
Page 298 and 299:
284 appendix 2 and thus less likely
Page 300 and 301:
286 appendix 2 Table A-2 Clinically
Page 302 and 303:
Appendix 3 Empiric Regimens for Com
Page 304 and 305:
290 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
Page 306 and 307:
292 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
Page 308 and 309:
294 Index Amoxicillin/clavulanate,
Page 310 and 311:
296 Index Broad-spectrum antibacter
Page 312 and 313:
298 Index Combivir, 221 Community-a
Page 314 and 315:
300 Index Eukaryotes, 5, 203 Extend
Page 316 and 317:
302 Index HIV (continued) anti-herp
Page 318 and 319:
304 Index Minimum bactericidal conc
Page 320 and 321:
306 Index PEG. See Polyethylene gly
Page 322 and 323:
308 Index Pseudomonas (continued) P
Page 324 and 325:
310 Index Sustained virologic respo
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