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292 appendix 3 Infection Common Pathogens Patient/Infection Factors Initial Empiric Therapy Options Communityacquired meningitis Healthcareassociated infectious diarrhea Communityacquired infectious diarrhea Streptococcus pneumoniae Neisseria meningitidis As above plus: Listeria monocytogenes Otherwise healthy, 2–50 years of age . 50 years of age or immunocompromised Ceftriaxone -Plus- Vancomycin Ceftriaxone -Plus- Vancomycin -Plus- Ampicillin C. difficile Mild-moderate infection Metronidazole (oral) Severe infection Vancomycin (oral) or Fidaxomicin Shigella Salmonella Escherichia coli Campylobacter C. difficile (uncommon) Severe, complicated infection (e.g., ileus) Vancomycin (oral) -Plusintravenous metronidazole See above Fluoroquinolone or TMP/SMX if antibiotic therapy is necessary
Index A A. baumannii, 12–14, 67, 91, 122, 141, 142, 154 aminoglycosides and, 101, 102 carbapenems and, 87, 88 cepahlosporins and, 81, 84 Abacavir (ABC), described, 221–224 ABCD. See Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion Abdominal infections intra-, 68, 89, 100, 108, 139 of metronidazole, 119 Abdominal pain, 146, 162, 216, 226, 265 Abdominal surgery, 74 Abscesses, 28 Absorption, antibiotic pharmacokinetics, 23–26 defined, 23–26 examples of, 25, 26 Acetaminophen, 172, 173 Acetazolamide, 136 Achilles tendon rupture, 98 Acne, 139 Actinobacillus, 13 Actinomyces, 9, 118, 138 Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), 49, 58, 134, 208 Acute kidney injury, 142 Acyclovir, 25 described, 207–209 Adefovir, 253 Adenovirus, 249 Adipose tissue, drug distribution into, 28 Adjusted body weight, 29 ADME (absorption, distribution, and metabolism/excretion), 23–31 Advenovirus, 7 Adverse consequences of antibiotic use allergy, 41–42 guidelines, 44–46 resistance, 43–44 superinfection, 42–43 toxicities, 42 Aerobes, 22, 67, 89, 119, 138 Aeromonas, 12 Aerosolized ribavirin, 250 AIDS, 134 AIN. See Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) Albendazole described, 269–271 proguanil, 258 Albumin, 27 Alcohol, 74, 118, 157, 158 Allergy, antibiotic, 41–42 a-hemolysis, 9 Aluminum, 26 Amandatine, 215 Amikacin, described, 101–104 Aminoglycosides, 61, 92, 141, 151, 275 antibacterial activity of, 38 described, 101–104 Aminopenicillins, 25, 52, 59–61 Amodiaquine, described, 261–264 Amoxicillin, 111 described, 59–61 293
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Antibiotics Simplified third EDITIO
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Contents Acknowledgments Introducti
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Contents v Chapter 28: Antifungal A
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Acknowledgments Our thanks go to th
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x Introduction ■■ How to Use Th
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New to the Third Edition The Third
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The Wonderful World of Microbiology
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chapter 1 Microbiology 5 More like
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chapter 1 Microbiology 7 Influenza
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chapter 1 Microbiology 9 Bacilli An
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chapter 1 Microbiology 11 Gram-nega
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chapter 1 Microbiology 13 Cocci Aer
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General Approach to Infectious Dise
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 17 Th
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 19 Su
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 21 al
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Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics 3 The t
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 25 Table
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 27 can b
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 29 becau
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 31 Table
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34 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy No vis
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36 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Table
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38 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy done i
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Adverse Consequences of Antibiotic
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 43 f
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 45 U
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Antibacterial Drugs Part 2
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50 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs to be
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52 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs is ne
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54 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Agen
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Aminopenicillins Agents: amoxicilli
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 61 Don’t F
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64 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Adver
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66 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs enhan
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68 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs good
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70 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Cefaz
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72 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs ■
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Third-Generation Cephalosporins Age
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 79 biliary e
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82 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs but o
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84 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs bind
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Carbapenems Agents: imipenem/cilast
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 89 and thus
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94 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Mecha
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96 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs as be
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98 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
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Aminoglycosides 9 Agents: gentamici
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
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Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines 10
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chapter 10 Tetracyclines 107 admini
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Macrolides and Ketolides 11 Agents:
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chapter 11 Macrolides and Ketolides
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Oxazolidinones 12 Agent: linezolid
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chapter 12 Oxazolidinones 115 What
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118 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spec
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Nitrofurans and Fosfomycin 14 Agent
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chapter 14 Nitrofurans and Fosfomyc
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Cyclic Lipopeptides 16 Agent: dapto
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chapter 16 Cyclic Lipopeptides 131
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136 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs What
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140 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Don
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144 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Beca
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146 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs asso
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Antimycobacterial Drugs 21 ■■ I
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chapter 21 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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154 PART 3 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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Pyrazinamide 24 Agent: pyrazinamide
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Ethambutol 25 Agent: ethambutol (EM
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Antifungal Drugs Part 4
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168 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs When th
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Polyenes 27 Agents: amphotericin B,
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chapter 27 Polyenes 173 1.5 mg/kg/d
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Antifungal Antimetabolites 28 Agent
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chapter 28 Antifungal Antimetabolit
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Fluconazole The introduction of flu
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chapter 29 Azoles 183 • The high
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186 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Adverse
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Voriconazole The introduction of vo
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chapter 29 Azoles 191 ■■ Import
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Posaconazole Posaconazole is the ne
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chapter 29 Azoles 195 inhibitors lo
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198 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Spectru
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Antiviral Drugs Part 5
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204 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The unde
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Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus and Varic
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chapter 32 Anti-HSV and VZV Agents
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212 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors 34 Agents:
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chapter 34 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
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220 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs the comm
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222 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
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224 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs What The
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226 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Adverse
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228 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • NNRT
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230 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The drug
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232 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • The
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Integrase Inhibitors Agents: ralteg
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chapter 35 Antiretroviral Drugs 237
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240 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs from hea
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Page 262 and 263: 248 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs ribaviri
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Page 267 and 268: Hepatitis B Nucleoside Analogs 39 A
Page 269: Antiparasitic Drugs Part 6
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Page 275 and 276: Quinolines 41 Agents: chloroquine,
Page 277 and 278: chapter 41 Quinolines 263 majority
Page 279 and 280: Atovaquone 42 Agents: atovaquone, a
Page 281: chapter 42 Atovaquone 267 Don’t F
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Page 287 and 288: Pentamidine 44 Agent: pentamidine P
Page 289: chapter 44 Pentamidine 275 as appro
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Page 294 and 295: Appendix 1 Selected Normal Human Fl
Page 296 and 297: Appendix 2 Spectrum of Activity A N
Page 298 and 299: 284 appendix 2 and thus less likely
Page 300 and 301: 286 appendix 2 Table A-2 Clinically
Page 302 and 303: Appendix 3 Empiric Regimens for Com
Page 304 and 305: 290 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
Page 308 and 309: 294 Index Amoxicillin/clavulanate,
Page 310 and 311: 296 Index Broad-spectrum antibacter
Page 312 and 313: 298 Index Combivir, 221 Community-a
Page 314 and 315: 300 Index Eukaryotes, 5, 203 Extend
Page 316 and 317: 302 Index HIV (continued) anti-herp
Page 318 and 319: 304 Index Minimum bactericidal conc
Page 320 and 321: 306 Index PEG. See Polyethylene gly
Page 322 and 323: 308 Index Pseudomonas (continued) P
Page 324 and 325: 310 Index Sustained virologic respo
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