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156 PART 3 Antimycobacterial Drugs What They’re Good For Treatment of active tuberculosis and MAC, in combination with other agents; latent tuberculosis; and selected bacterial infections (most notably endocarditis of a prosthetic valve in combination with another antibiotic). Don’t Forget! Ensure that patients are informed that their urine and other secretions may turn orange or red. That’s a surprise that most people don’t want.
Isoniazid 23 Agent: isoniazid Isoniazid is active only against M. tuberculosis and the related M. kansasii, but it is one of the two most important drugs in tuberculosis pharmacotherapy (the other being rifampin). It works by preventing the synthesis of mycolic acids in the cell wall, and it is effective against both actively growing and dormant mycobacteria. It is used in the treatment of both active and latent tuberculosis. Mechanism of Action Isoniazid prevents the synthesis of mycolic acids in the cell wall by inhibiting enzymes that catalyze their production. Spectrum Active only against M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii. Adverse Effects Isoniazid’s classic adverse reaction is peripheral neuropathy. This can be prevented by administering pyridoxine (vitamin B 6 ), which is recommended for patients at risk for developing neuropathy (e.g., diabetics, pregnant women, alcohol abusers). Other neurotoxicities that are less common include optic
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Antibiotics Simplified third EDITIO
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Contents Acknowledgments Introducti
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Contents v Chapter 28: Antifungal A
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Acknowledgments Our thanks go to th
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x Introduction ■■ How to Use Th
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New to the Third Edition The Third
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The Wonderful World of Microbiology
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chapter 1 Microbiology 5 More like
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chapter 1 Microbiology 7 Influenza
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chapter 1 Microbiology 9 Bacilli An
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chapter 1 Microbiology 11 Gram-nega
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chapter 1 Microbiology 13 Cocci Aer
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General Approach to Infectious Dise
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 17 Th
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 19 Su
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chapter 2 Infectious Diseases 21 al
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Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics 3 The t
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 25 Table
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 27 can b
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 29 becau
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chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics 31 Table
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34 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy No vis
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36 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy Table
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38 PART 1 Antibiotic Therapy done i
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Adverse Consequences of Antibiotic
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 43 f
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chapter 5 Adverse Consequences 45 U
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Antibacterial Drugs Part 2
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50 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs to be
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52 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs is ne
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54 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Agen
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Aminopenicillins Agents: amoxicilli
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 61 Don’t F
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64 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Adver
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66 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs enhan
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68 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs good
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70 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Cefaz
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72 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs ■
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Third-Generation Cephalosporins Age
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 79 biliary e
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82 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs but o
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84 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs bind
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Carbapenems Agents: imipenem/cilast
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chapter 6 Beta-Lactams 89 and thus
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94 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Mecha
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96 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs as be
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98 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spect
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
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Aminoglycosides 9 Agents: gentamici
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chapter 9 Aminoglycosides 103 equal
Page 119 and 120: Tetracyclines and Glycylcyclines 10
Page 121 and 122: chapter 10 Tetracyclines 107 admini
Page 123 and 124: Macrolides and Ketolides 11 Agents:
Page 125 and 126: chapter 11 Macrolides and Ketolides
Page 127 and 128: Oxazolidinones 12 Agent: linezolid
Page 129: chapter 12 Oxazolidinones 115 What
Page 132 and 133: 118 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs Spec
Page 135 and 136: Nitrofurans and Fosfomycin 14 Agent
Page 137: chapter 14 Nitrofurans and Fosfomyc
Page 143 and 144: Cyclic Lipopeptides 16 Agent: dapto
Page 145: chapter 16 Cyclic Lipopeptides 131
Page 150 and 151: 136 PART 2 Antibacterial Drugs What
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Page 163 and 164: Antimycobacterial Drugs 21 ■■ I
Page 165: chapter 21 Antimycobacterial Drugs
Page 168 and 169: 154 PART 3 Antimycobacterial Drugs
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Page 175 and 176: Pyrazinamide 24 Agent: pyrazinamide
Page 177 and 178: Ethambutol 25 Agent: ethambutol (EM
Page 179: Antifungal Drugs Part 4
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Page 185 and 186: Polyenes 27 Agents: amphotericin B,
Page 187 and 188: chapter 27 Polyenes 173 1.5 mg/kg/d
Page 189 and 190: Antifungal Antimetabolites 28 Agent
Page 191: chapter 28 Antifungal Antimetabolit
Page 195 and 196: Fluconazole The introduction of flu
Page 197: chapter 29 Azoles 183 • The high
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Page 203 and 204: Voriconazole The introduction of vo
Page 205 and 206: chapter 29 Azoles 191 ■■ Import
Page 207 and 208: Posaconazole Posaconazole is the ne
Page 209: chapter 29 Azoles 195 inhibitors lo
Page 212 and 213: 198 PART 4 Antifungal Drugs Spectru
Page 215: Antiviral Drugs Part 5
Page 218 and 219: 204 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The unde
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Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus and Varic
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chapter 32 Anti-HSV and VZV Agents
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212 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Spectrum
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors 34 Agents:
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chapter 34 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
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220 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs the comm
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224 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs What The
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226 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Adverse
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228 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • NNRT
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230 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs The drug
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232 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs • The
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Integrase Inhibitors Agents: ralteg
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chapter 35 Antiretroviral Drugs 237
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240 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs from hea
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244 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs option f
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246 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs Think of
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248 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs ribaviri
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250 PART 5 Antiviral Drugs administ
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Hepatitis B Nucleoside Analogs 39 A
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Antiparasitic Drugs Part 6
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258 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Tabl
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Quinolines 41 Agents: chloroquine,
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chapter 41 Quinolines 263 majority
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Atovaquone 42 Agents: atovaquone, a
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chapter 42 Atovaquone 267 Don’t F
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270 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Adve
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Pentamidine 44 Agent: pentamidine P
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chapter 44 Pentamidine 275 as appro
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278 PART 6 Antiparasitic Drugs Spec
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Appendix 1 Selected Normal Human Fl
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Appendix 2 Spectrum of Activity A N
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284 appendix 2 and thus less likely
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286 appendix 2 Table A-2 Clinically
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Appendix 3 Empiric Regimens for Com
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290 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
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292 appendix 3 Infection Common Pat
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294 Index Amoxicillin/clavulanate,
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296 Index Broad-spectrum antibacter
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298 Index Combivir, 221 Community-a
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300 Index Eukaryotes, 5, 203 Extend
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302 Index HIV (continued) anti-herp
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304 Index Minimum bactericidal conc
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306 Index PEG. See Polyethylene gly
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308 Index Pseudomonas (continued) P
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310 Index Sustained virologic respo
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