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heterozygous trees to confirm the sequence identity of each allele. Palumbi and Baker (1994) estimated the frequency of Taq polymerase error rate, at ~ 1 transition substitution per 1000 bases, by sequencing multiple clones in heterozygotes and comparing several individual sequences from the same allele. To avoid the problem of DNA polymerase errors retained in individual clones, PCR products could be sent for directly sequencing. CONCLUSION Although no sequence information was available for the particular target species, enough information on related species was stored in public databases allowed to design PCR amplification primers. The primer set of Cat was designed from consensus sequence regions in other plant species and could successfully amplified a fragment of the teak genome. The obtained sequences could be used to design specific primers that amplify a single locus from the teak genome. A high level of polymorphisms was observed when analyzed using the SSCP separation method. The different alleles in each population could be distinguished and counted. Therefore, DNA based markers developed from low copy nuclear genes have potential for use in population genetic studies in teak and other plant species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank European Commission DG XII Research (project number: ICA4-CT-2001-10094) for financial support and the Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University for providing a research assistantship. We would like to thank the National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department for granting permission to collect samples in some National Parks. We acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Jertpong Makaramani, Dr. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) 97 Somran Sutdee, and the staffs at the National Parks, Mr. Prayart Chaichon from Pratoo Phaa, Lampang province, and the villagers from WatBoht, Potharam, Ratchaburi province for assistance during the collection of plant materials. LITERATURE CITED Cronn, R., M. Cedroni, T. Haselkorn, C. Grover and J. F. Wendel. 2002. PCR-mediated recombination in amplification products derived from polyploid cotton. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104: 482-489. De’ Ath, C. 1992. A history of timber exports from Thailand with emphasis on the 1870-1937 period. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 40: 49-65. Doyle, J.J. and J.L. Doyle. 1989. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12: 13-15. Fineschi, S., S. Cozzolino, M. Migliaccio and G. G. Vendramin. 2004. Genetic variation of relic tree Species: the Case of Mediterranean Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boisser and Z. sicula Di Pasquale, Garfì and Quézel (Ulmaceae). Forest Ecology and Management 197: 273- 278. Graudal, L., E.D. Kjaer, V. Suangtho, P. Saardavut and A. Kaosa-ard. 1999. Technical Note 52, DANIDA Forest Seed Center, Humlebaek. 36. Ishii, T. and S.R. McCouch. 2000. Microsatellite and microsynteny in the chloroplast genome of Oryza and eight other gramineae species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100: 1257-1266. Kjaer, E.D., H.R. Siegismund and V. Suangtho. 1996. A Multivariate study on genetic variation in teak (Tectona (L)). Silv. Gen. 45(5-6): 361- 368 Marson-Gamer, R.J., C. F. Weil and E. A. Kellogg. 1998. Granule-Bound starch synthase: structure, function, and phylogenetic utility. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15(12): 1658-1673. Natari, L., T. Giordani and A. Cavallini. 2003. Sequence variability of a dehydrin gene within
98 Helianthus annuus. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106: 811-818. Orita, M., H. Y. Suzuki, H. Kanazawa, T. Sekiya and K. Hayashi. 1989. Rapid and sensitive Detection of point mutations and DNA polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction. Genomics 5: 874-879. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) Palumbi, S. R. and C.S. Baker. 1994. Contrasting population structure from nuclear intron sequences and mtDNA of Humpback whales. Mol. Biol. Evol. 11(3): 426-435. Strand, A.E., J. Leebens-Mack and B.G. Milligan. 1997. Nuclear DNA-based markers for plant evolutionary biology. Mol. Ecol. 6: 113-118.
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January - March 2006 Volume 40 Numb
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KASETSART JOURNAL NATURAL SCIENCE T
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In sacco Degradation Characteristic
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2 and management practices a sorghu
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4 the greater plant height was obta
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6 at Wolenchity (Figure 3) that led
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8 Stover and aboveground biomass Co
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10 Radford, B.J., A.J. Dry, L.N. Ro
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12 At present, new cultivars with h
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14 2000), grapevine (Lavee, 2000),
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16 repeatability of FW, FLT, FLW, S
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18 (Table 5) indicating that select
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Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40 : 20 -
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22 measured to define fruit shape i
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24 for higher fruit number and yiel
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28 (Table 2). The numbers of flower
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30 to the color of fruit and seed c
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32 1999. Carrots and related vegeta
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34 MATERIALS AND METHODS Laboratory
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36 DISCUSSION Extensive studies hav
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38 from Gossypium hirsutum. J. Inse
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40 The natural resistance of plants
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42 4. Data collection and statistic
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44 was not significantly different
Page 51 and 52: 46 showed the highest yield compare
Page 53 and 54: 48 Kessmann, H., T. Staub, C. Hofma
Page 55 and 56: 50 There are approximately 60 comme
Page 57 and 58: 52 in PBST containing 2% ovalbumin
Page 59 and 60: 54 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) T
Page 61 and 62: 56 Virus-free orchid plants show fa
Page 63 and 64: Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40 : 58 -
Page 65 and 66: 60 feed source was based on purchas
Page 67 and 68: 62 intake of DM, CP, ether extract
Page 69 and 70: 64 relatively slow and short. The p
Page 71 and 72: 66 week 4. Milk composition was not
Page 73 and 74: 68 Agricultural Experiment Station.
Page 75 and 76: 70 et al., 2002). In contrast to ma
Page 77 and 78: 72 level and showed marked polymorp
Page 81 and 82: 76 loam (Eutric Fluvisol) soil and
Page 83 and 84: 78 Eugenia caryophyllata, Echinops
Page 85 and 86: 80 CONCLUSION In conclusion, out of
Page 87 and 88: 82 of chromic acid titration method
Page 89 and 90: 84 initials at the time of pinning
Page 91 and 92: 86 vessels a point where the number
Page 93 and 94: 88 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1) T
Page 95 and 96: 90 CONCLUSIONS In the investigation
Page 97 and 98: 92 1994; Strand et al., 1997). Now
Page 99 and 100: 94 The clones were grown overnight
Page 101: 96 isozymes. The copy number for nu
Page 105 and 106: 100 MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant mat
Page 107 and 108: 102 The amount of Na + (%) 6 5 4 3
Page 109 and 110: 104 NGE, 7-16 folds). Finally, all
Page 111 and 112: 106 Anal. Biochem. 162: 156-159. Cr
Page 113 and 114: 108 grown for academic purpose at N
Page 115 and 116: 110 Cluster A was further separated
Page 117 and 118: 112 Table 2 Similarity index of 19
Page 119 and 120: 114 subjected to UPGMA and resultin
Page 121 and 122: 116 Tabel 3 The similarity index of
Page 123 and 124: 118 formation as seen from phylogen
Page 125 and 126: 120 Genet. 101: 860-864. Lerceteau,
Page 127 and 128: 122 INTRODUCTION Methylotrophic yea
Page 129 and 130: 124 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Screenin
Page 131 and 132: 126 optimum temperature, insignific
Page 133 and 134: 128 medium of C. boidinii (Volfova
Page 135 and 136: 130 was observed soon after 24h cul
Page 137 and 138: 132 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1)
Page 139 and 140: 134 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was
Page 143 and 144: 138 Determination of enzyme activit
Page 145 and 146: 140 Table 1 Optimum and stability o
Page 147 and 148: 142 for example recombinant E. coli
Page 149 and 150: 144 were studied for β-1,3-1,4-glu
Page 151 and 152: 146 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was s
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150 vulcanization times were calcul
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152 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mechanic
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154 Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 40(1)
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156 blend with 0.5 phr Irganox. How
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160 (AA-680 ShiMADZU, Atomic Absorp
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162 warm, relatively shallow and hi
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164 cycle in crustacean (Chen et al
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166 Salaenoi, J. 2004. Changes of e
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168 MATERIALS AND METHODS This rese
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170 DISCUSSION The average total am
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174 repacked and scanned three time
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176 found the most in the shrimp fe
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178 PLS model The comparison betwee
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180 brix value and dry matter of ma
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182 approach to increase immunity t
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184 higher (P
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186 levels were significantly eleva
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190 currents. Zone 4: River outlet
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192 standing waters, thus the occur
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194 and moving to 59%TL in juvenile
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198 thin membrane (Figure 1A, B). T
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200 were clearly seen. The presence
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202 could change to female at 6-12
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206 water until the water became cl
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208 reported by Thu and Preston (19
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210 cavalcade hay. The crude protei
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212 CONCLUSIONS Ruminal disappeared
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214 ∅rskov, E.R. and I. McDonald.
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216 is constrained mainly due to fa
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218 SNF and fat composition in raw
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220 in terms of both manual samplin
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222 Harding, F. 1995. Compositional
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224 proteins described by Barbut an
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226 starch/flour, shaken vigorously
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228 % Stress relaxation 54 49 44 39
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234 categories including puffed sna
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236 Cohesiveness of mass Crispness
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238 Cohesiveness of mass Sweetness
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242 3. Physicochemical properties 3
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246 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research
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248 are now becoming more and more
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250 downstream control. Lam Chae re
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254 Inflow (mcm.) Inflow (mcm.) Inf
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256 were above 0.70. The testing re
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258 1999-2000 could be used for tra
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262 we assume that r ≥ 2 and d r
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266 Figure 1 Prototype domains. num
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268 DISCUSSION Consequences indicat
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272 George, B. K. 1997. The GIS Boo
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discussed; and appropriateness of t
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LITERATURE CITED FORMAT Manuscripts
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PRE-SUBMISSION CHECKLIST (see “In
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